Jonas-Daugirdas, Vilnius' Voivode 1432-43

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PMD Daugirdas-Jonas son of Gedigaudas Dowgird

English (default): PMD Daugirdas-Jonas son of Gedigaudas, Lithuanian: PMD Daugirdas Jonas Gedigaudaitis Salkaits, Polish: PMD Dowgierd Jan Gedygołdowicz Salkuliewicz Dowgird, Russian: Довгирд Ян Дэдыгольдович Салькулевич, Belarusian: Даўгірд Ян Салкулевіч, Ukrainian: Даўгірд Ян Салкулевіч, Latin: Joannes Doldio
Also Known As: "Vilnius' Voivode 1432-1443 - Daugirdaitis Dedigaudaitis"
Birthdate:
Death: March 1443 (62-63)
Immediate Family:

Son of Jurgis-Gedigaudas, Vilnus' Voivode 1426-32
Husband of Katerina Daugela and Anna Gastold
Father of PMD Mikhail Daugirdas; PMD Andrushko Daugirdas; PMD Daugerute Daugirdaite and PMD Bagdona Daugirdaitė
Brother of Symon-Dedigaudas Voivode of Kiev and Podolsk

Occupation: nuo 1424 LDK rūmų maršalka; iki 1430 Podolės Kameneco seniūnas, 1430–1434 Lucko seniūnas, 1434–1443 Vilniaus vaivada.
Managed by: Private User
Last Updated:

About Jonas-Daugirdas, Vilnius' Voivode 1432-43

Jonas Daugirdas (Dolgerd Jan, Ian Dowgird, Dawgird, Dowgerd, Dewgerd, Dolgert, Долгерд, Doldio (Lat.) Gedygołdowicz) - Lithuanian nobleman, first military commander able to defeat Tatar-Mongols, Vilnius' Voivode.

Daugirdas-Jonas was appointed to the high stately positions:

  • from 1424 - GDL Royal House Marshal
  • later - the Elder (Voivode or Governor) of Kamianets-Podilskyi (now in Ukraine) - up until 1430,
  • 1430-1434 - the Elder of Luck.
  • 1434–1443 - the Voivode of Vilnius.

His father was Gedigaudas, a Lithuanian Nobleman with the Swan coat of arms. Daugirdas was born circa 1380 in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. He had a brother, Dedigaudas.

Similar to his father, Daugirdas pursued military and political careers during his lifetime. He was a supporter and "the right hand" of Vytautas the Great, the Grand Duke of Lithuania.

Daugirdas accompanied Vytautas the Great in 1397 during the first investigation campaign against the Tatars in the Wild Fields (Dikie Polya), regions beyond the Don River. This campaign aimed to test the strength of the Tatar forces and gather intelligence on their positions. In 1398, the investigation campaign continued on both banks of the Dnieper. In doing so, they probably reached the Crimea and captured the castle of St. Johannes (St. John) as an outpost against the Tatars. In August of 1399, Daugirdas, alongside Vytautas the Great, participated in the Battle on the Vorskla River against the new Khan Timur Kutlug.

In 1401, Daugirdas ascended in his military career to the high rank of Hetman (chief of the armed forces and the commander in the field when the king was not present) and independently, on Vytautas' behalf, led the Lithuanian army against the three Tatar prices (referred as "tritsariki") controlling Crimea. Dugirdas was the first military commander able to defeat the Tatar-Mongols, invading European lands. In 1401, on the Don River, Daugirdas crushed three Tatar-Mongol leaders of Crimea, Cherkessia (Circassia), and Mancopea (Mantkop, хан Манкопский - in Russian) - three brothers, descendants of Genghis Khan. It took three battles, and 1056 corpses lay dead on the field. All three Tatar princes were killed in this battle.

Hetman Daugirdas (Dolgerd or Долгерд in Russian) and these events are described in the Lithuanian and Samogitian Chronicle:


Витолт през гетмана своего звоевал Резань. A иж той князь резанский Олег, Олша, того бунту и ростирков князя Юрия СвЂтославовича смоленского был причиною, послал Витолт зараз з Смоленска часть войска литовского своего и руского в его державы, преложивши над тым войском гетманом Семена Лыгеновича, мстиславского воеводу, котрый без отпору ввесь Резанский край межи Окою и Доном реками лежачий, миль 36 от Москвы, внивечь звоевал.

Другую зась часть войска литовского и руского выправил Витолт в Дикие поля на татаре заволские и задонскии У, хотячи моцы татарской спробовати и их положеня вышпиговать. A гды уже Долгерд, гетман Витолтов, з войском притягнул над рЂку Дон, заступили ему трицарики татарскии, братия, кримский, черкеский и манткопский, которые на своих мЂстцах будучи, смЂлше з великим окриком на Литву ударили.

Литва тежь, котрым o славу и o здорове ишло, a иле было далеко до отчизны утЂкать, не з меншою смЂлостю татаром першим и вторым боем дали отпор. Наостаток татаре, видячи новых гостей, a перед тым несвЂдомых, a собЂ велми силных и потужных, не могли третего бою вытрвати, почали утЂкати по широких полях, где который могл, уносячи здорове свое, a литва, заюшившися, тым смЂлей били их так, иж тыи три орды за ласкою божею.

A Долгерд, гетман, з войском литовским вернулся сщасливе до Витолта, который еще в той час был в Смоленску, котрый Долгерда гетмана своего вдячне принял, и войску всему заплатил заслуги и дяковал им за так горливое на войнЂ той воеване, и дал им вытхнене на волостех Смоленских, то есть зимовое становиско яко жолнЂром.


Fragment translation from Old Russian to English by V. Ruskulis:

Vytautas the Great, with his Hetman (general), concurred with the lands of Ryazan. It became a reason for a Ryazanian duke, Oleg-Olsha, to revolt and aroused the hatred of Duke Yury Svyatoslavich of Smolensk. Vytautas at once sent part of his Lithuanian-Russian troops from Smolensk to his states, appointing a general of the army Semion Lygenovich, Mstislavian commander, who without defeat, hand over fist, concurred the entire region of Ryazan, that lays between rivers of Oka and Don, 36 miles from Moscow.

Vytautas sent the other part of the Lithuanian-Russian army to the Wild Ranges towards [lands controlled by] Tatars, beyond rivers Volga and Don, wishing to try the power of Tatars and to investigate their position. And when finally Daugirdas, the Hetman appointed by Vytautas, with troops, reached river Don, three Tatarean moguls intercepted his way: brothers controlling the Crimea, Cherkessia, and Montcopia, who were comfortably residing in their places, who with bravery and grand hail attacked the Lithuanians.

Lithuanians, though, minded their own glory and health, and since it was too far to retreat towards their homeland, they fought Tatars with no lesser bravery throughout the first and second battles. Ultimately, the Tatars, realizing they were facing new guests, never before experienced, more powerful, and more capable, comprehending that they could not withstand the third battle, began to retreat through the vast fields wherever anyone could save their lives. And Lithuanians, ferociously, even with more extraordinary bravery, battled them, so these three Mongolian Ordas were utterly defeated by the mercy of God.

And Daugirdas, the Hetman, leading Lithuanian army returned happily to Vytautas, who at that time still was at Smolensk, and who delightedly greeted his Hetman Daugirdas, and rewarded the entire army for their merits and thanked them for such loyal fighting at the war, and provided them with full accommodation in rural area of Smolensk, where the winter residences for army officers were prepared.


After success on the battlefield, Daugirdas continued his political career. He was one of the signatories of the 1401 Vilnius-Radom agreement; later, he signed the Horodle Treatie with Poland in 1413 and witnessed with his signature the Brest Peace Treaty with the Teutonic Order in 1435.

Most likely in the Summer of 1410, Daugirdas, alongside his brother and father, participated as a military commander in the Battle of Grunwald.

During the Union of Horodlo in 1413, Daugirdas with his father Gedigaudas and brother Dedigaudas arrived to register with Polish Nobility and accepted Christianity by baptism. Daugirdas was baptized as Jonas (Jan or Ian - in Polish). Daugirdas-Jonas was issued the new coat of arms - Pomian (Bull Head, also known as Bawóła Głowa in other sources). After three generations, Daugirdas' descendants did not use the latter coats of arms. Gedigaudas was given the Christian name Jezhy (Juri, or Jurgis - in Lithuanian), and Dedigaudas was baptized as Simon, and they remained with the old family coat of arms Swan.

During the conflict of Švitrigaila, Daugirdas-Jonas and his father Gedigaudas supported the side against Sigismund, the Grand Duke of Lithuania. They both were captured in December 1432 during the Battle of Ashmyany. Daugirdas-Jonas was imprisoned but survived(Kojal p 2), but his father, Gedigaudas, was massacred (Stryjkow fol 576).

Daugirdas-Jonas inherited some properties from his father and was awarded several lands and estates for his military and State office service. Records show that Daugirdas-Jonas owned the following estates: Nemenčinė, Svyrėnai (Astravas district), Lentupiai (Pastovių district, Vitebsk area), and Medilo (Minsk region), etc.

After Vytautas the Great's death in 1430, Daugirdas-Jonas's political power was shaken. The nobility of Podole arrested him. The western lands were taken from under his control and annexed to Poland. Daugirdas-Jonas was appointed as Voivode (the Governor) of Luck and held this office until 1434.

For supporting Sigismund Kęstutaitis candidacy for the Grand Duke of Lithuania position in 1432, Daugirdas-Jonas received estates around Rudamina (near Vilnius).

As a representative of the GDL ruler Sigismund Kęstutaitis in 1434, Daugirdas-Jonas participated in the coronation of Władysław III Jogiellon as the king of Poland. In the same year, Daugirdas-Jonas was appointed the Voivode of Vilnius position.

In the Spring of 1440, together with Trakai voivode Petrus Leliush, Jan Chartorysky, and Aleksandar Chartorysky, Daugirdas-Jonas orchestrated and participated in the assassination of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Sigismund Kęstutaitis in Trakai.

Later in the year 1440, Daugirdas-Jonas supported Casimir IV Jagiellon's candidacy for the GDL throne. After Casimir IV Jagiellon was successfully elected, Daugirdas-Jonas became one of the most influential members of the Grand Duke's Council. He received possessions of lands in Lutsk from the King.

Daugirdas-Jonas died in Vilnius in 1443, at the height of his political career.

Family:

Daugirdas-Jonas was married twice. His first wife was Katerina, daughter of Lithuanian Duke Jaunius Daugėla. They had at least three children surviving to adulthood:

  • son Andrushka (Andrey), Voivode of Svirėnai and Lintupiai.
  • son Michael Dowgirdowicz, who testified on the deed of 1432.
  • daughter Daugerute - wife of nobleman Alexander Wodoradzki Laurynowicz.

Sirca 1430 Daugirdas-Jonas became a widower, and at the height of his political career, he chose for a second wife Anna Gastold - a sister of mighty Lithuania magnate, his political ally, Jonas Goštautas. With his second wife, Daugirdas-Jonas had one daughter surviving to adulthood:

  • Bogdana

Daugirdas-Jonas's children, daughters and sons, inherited vast estates after their father's death.

Sources:

About Даўгірд Ян Салкулевіч Dowgird (Belarusian)

Даўгірд (Ян) Салкулевіч 1380?-1443 ваяв.віл.

Ян Даўгірд, Даўгерд (пам. каля 1443) — літоўскі баярын гербу «Памян». Імаверна, родзіч Сака, які быў прыняты да гэтага гербу падчас Гарадзельскай уніі. Магчыма тоесны Даўгірду Салкулевічу, які згадваецца ў кан. 13 — пач. 14 ст.

Маршалак дворны Вітаўта (1424), ваявода віленскі (не пазней 1433—1442/3). Удзельнік змовы супраць Жыгімонта Кейстутавіча, у выніку якой апошні быў забіты (1440).

Меў сына Андрушку, пана на Свіранах і Лынтупах.

Daugirdas / Dawgird / Dowgerd / Dewgerd / Dolgert / Долгерд / Doldio (lot.) - гетман.

Літаратура: Semkowicz W. O litewskich rodach bojarskich zbratanych ze szlachta polska w Horodle roku 1413 // Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Heraldycznego we Lwowie. 1926—1927, T. 8.


Літаратура: Генеалагічныя табліцы старадаўніх княжацкіх і магнацкіх беларускіх родаў 12-18 стагоддзяў
Аўтар: Носевич, Вячеслав Леонидович

...Наступны род быў прадстаўлены на Гарадзельскім сойме баярынам Сакам, які прыняў герб "Памян". Гэтым жа гербам карыстаўся яго родзіч (магчыма, брат) Даўгірд Салкулевіч, які стаў трэцім (пасля Манівіда і Гедыгольда) ваяводам віленскім. Сын Даўгірда Андрэй памёр бяздзетным, і даўгірдаўскія маёнткі (Свіраны, Каркажышкі, Лынтуны і Тракінікі) адышлі да зяцёў Даўгірда - князя Петкі Свірскага і пана Яна Гойцавіча. Адметнымі дзеячамі былі Андрэй Саковіч і яго сын Багдан, уладальнікі Няменчына і Свянцян у Літве, Груздава і Мядзела на Ашмяншчыне, Данішава, Вязыні, Ільі і Насілава ў вярхоўях Віліі. Частка гэтых маёнткаў потым належала зяцю Багдана Саковіча Мікалаю Радзівілу, частка засталася ў пляменнікаў Багдана, якія ў далейшым карысталіся гербам "Паўкоша" і прозвішчам Насілоўскія. Іх род згас у канцы 16 ст...

About Joannes Doldio Dowgird (Latin)

Jonas Daugirdas / Jan Dawgird / Dowgerd / Dewgerd / Dolgert / Долгерд / Doldio (lot.) - Hetman.

First military commander able to defeat Tatar-Mongols. In 1420± on river Don Jan Dowgird crushed three Mongol leaders (brothers, descendants of Genghis Khan) of Krimea, Cherkessia, and Mancopea (хан Манкопский). It took 3 battles, 1056 corpses lay dead on the field. All three Mongolian Khans were killed in battle.

Jonas Daugirdas estates: Nemenčinė, also Svyrėnai (Astravas district), Lentupiai (Pastovių district, Vitebsk area), Medilo (Minsk region).

Lithuanian boyar (a noble rank) Jonas Daugirdas (Jan Dowgird - PL) and his descendants used a Swan and Buffalo Head coat of arms. In 1401 during the conclusion of a Vilnius Union treaty Jonas Daugirdas with other boyars represented the Lithuanian side. In 1424 he was a Court Marshal of Vytautas the Great, Grand Duke of Lithuania. Also by Vytautas, he was appointed a Governor of Kamianets-Podilskyi (now in Ukraine). Under the rule of Žygimantas Kęstutaitis (Sigismund Kestutis), Jonas Daugirdas became a Governor of Vilnius province and he continued in this position under the rule of Grand Duke Kazimieras.

Sources:

Apie PMD Daugirdas Jonas Gedigaudaitis Salkaits Dowgird (Lietuvių)

Jonas Daugirdas (brus. Даўгірд (Ян) Салкулевіч) m. 1443 m.) – Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės didikas, bajorų Daugirdų, herbo „Jaučio galva“ (lenk. Pomian (Bawola Głowa) giminės pradininkas. Tėvas Dedigaudas (Gedigaudas) (lenk. Dedygołd), g. apie 1350, „Gulbės“ senojo herbo giminė. Sutuoktinė - Kotryna (lenk. Katarzyna Dowgiało, Dowgaiło), Jaunio Daugėlos Valimantaičio duktė. Šaltiniuose minimi du Jono Daugirdo sūnūs Andrius Daugirdas ir Mykolas Daugirdas. Jono Daugirdo valdos: Nemenčinė, Svyrėnai (Astravo raj.), Lentupiai (Pastovių raj., Vitebsko srity), Medilas (Minsko sritis).

Biografija

Lietuvos didžiojo kunigaikščio Vytauto Didžiojo bendražygis. Vienas iš 1401 m. Vilniaus-Radomo, 1413 m. Horodlės sutarčių su Lenkija, 1435 m. Brastos taikos su Vokiečių ordinu liudytojų. Nuo 1424 LDK rūmų maršalka; iki 1430 m. Podolės Kameneco seniūnas. 1430–1434 m. Lucko seniūnas. 1434–1443 Vilniaus vaivada.

Mirus Vytautui Didžiajam 1430 m. Podolės bajorų suimtas, jo valdytos vakarinės žemės prijungtos prie Lenkijos. Remdamas Žygimanto Kęstutaičio kandidatūrą į didžiuosius kunigaikščius gavo valdų apie Rudaminą (prie Vilniaus). Kaip LDK valdovo Žygimanto Kęstutaičio atstovas 1434 m. dalyvavo Vladislovo III Jogailaičio karūnacijoje Lenkijos karaliumi. 1440 su Trakų vaivada Petru Leliušu, Jonu Čartoryskiu ir Aleksandru Čartoryskiu Trakuose nužudė Lietuvos didijį kunigaikštį Žygimantą Kęstutaitį. Rėmė Kazimiero kandidatūrą į LDK sostą. Jį išrinkus tapo vienu įtakingiausių Didžiojo kunigaikščio tarybos narių, iš jo gavo valdų apie Lucką.

Literatūra: Semkowicz W. O litewskich rodach bojarskich zbratanych ze szlachta polska w Horodle roku 1413 // Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Heraldycznego we Lwowie. 1926—1927, T. 8.

About Jonas-Daugirdas, Vilnius' Voivode 1432-43 (Polski)

Dowgird, seu Jan, wojewoda wileński 1434 r., zobowiązał się w Trokach 1437 r., przed w. ks. Zygmuntem, że nie wyda po jego śmierci Wilna nikomu innemu, jak królowi Władysławowi, lub jego następcom (Inw. Arch. Kor.). Michał Dowgerdowicz podpisał przymierze zawarte przez w. ks. Świdrygiełłę z Krzyżakami, 1432 r. (A. Rus. Liw.).

W akcie, w którym Aleksander Jag. nadał kniaziowi Matflejowi Mikitynowiczowi Struny, w powiecie Wileńskim, powiedziano, że dobra te trzymał za Kazimierza Jag. Andruszko Dowgirdowicz (Arch. I. Z. Ros. I).

Majątki na Litwie leżaly w ziemi Nalszczanskiej nad Średnią Wilia, w pobliżu dobr Sakowiczow (druga linia Pomianow litewskich, Niemenczyn). Otczymal liczne nadania od wielkich ksiąžąt Zygimunta Kiejstutowicza: we wlosci Rudominskiej na Litwie; od Kazimiera Jagiellonczyka: w ziemi Luckiej na Wolyniu w 1442 r.

Majątki Jana Dowgirda pożniej należaly do Andruszki Dowgirdowicza.

1401.01.18: poręcza w rzędzie innych bojaruw Litewskich unię tzw. Wileńską.

1413: W Horodle przyjal herb Pomian.

1424: Marszalka na dworze Witolda, pożniej rządzil z jego ramienia w Kamiencu Podolskim jako starosta.

1430: po smierci księcia JD zostal uwięziony przez ziemian podolskich.

JD byl gorącym stronnikiem Zygmunta Kiejstatowicza (brata Witolda Wielkiego).

1433-1442: Wojewoda Wileński. Wojewoda Podolski, po smierci Witolda przez Buczackich z Podola wygnany.

1433. 01.20: podpisal akt unii w Trokach (Pomian).

1434: poslal Zygmunta Kiejstatowicza na dwor polski z okazii koronacii krola Wladislawa III Warnienczyka.

1435: bral udzial w rokowniach z Krzyżakami w Pokoju Brzeskim i podpisal akt traktatu.

1437.02.27: podpisał akt unii w Grodnie (Pomian).

1437.07.01: wystawił w Trokach akt, w ktorym przyrzekał, że zamek Wileński wyda tylko Wielkiemu Księciu Zygmuntowi, lub po jego smierci krolowi Władysławowi Jagiełłe.

1437.12.06: podpisał w Grodnie zobowiązanie Zygmunta Kiejstutowicza w sprawie wydalia grodow i zamkow na Litwie tylko krolowi i Koronie Polskiej.

1440: wziąl udzial wraz z wojewodą Trockim Leluszem i kniaziami Czartoryskimi w spisku na zycie Zygminta.

od 1440.07.13: przez dwa lata stojąc wraz z Janem Gasztoldem na czele partii panow i bojarow, slużyl Wielkiemu Księciu Kazimierzu.

1442.01: bral udział w zjeżdzie Wileńskim.

1443.03: JD zmarl i na jego stolcu wojewodzkim Wileńskim zasiadal Jan Gasztold.

Literatura: Semkowicz W. O litewskich rodach bojarskich zbratanych ze szlachta polska w Horodle roku 1413 // Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Heraldycznego we Lwowie. 1926—1927, T. 8.

О Jonas-Daugirdas, Vilnius' Voivode 1432-43 (русский)

1395: Долгерд, гетман Витолтов.

Витолт през гетмана своего звоевал Резань. A иж той князь резанский Олег, Олша, того бунту и ростирков князя Юрия СвЂтославовича смоленского был причиною, послал Витолт зараз з Смоленска часть войска литовского своего и руского в его державы, преложивши над тым войском гетманом Семена Лыгеновича, мстиславского воеводу, котрый без отпору ввесь Резанский край межи Окою и Доном реками лежачий , миль 36 от Москвы, внивечь звоевал. Другую зась часть войска литовского и руского выправил Витолт в Дикие поля на татаре заволские и задонскии У, хотячи моцы татарской спробовати и их положеня вышпиговать. A гды уже Долгерд, гетман Витолтов, з войском притягнул над рЂку Дон, заступили ему трицарики татарскии, братия, кримский, черкеский и манткопский , которые на своих мЂстцах будучи, смЂлше з великим окриком на литву ударили. Литва тежь, котрым o славу и o здорове ишло, a иле было далеко до отчизны утЂкать, не з меншою смЂлостю татаром першим и вторым боем дали отпор. Наостаток татаре, видячи новых гостей, a перед тым несвЂдомых, a собЂ велми силных и потужных, не могли третего бою вытрвати, почали утЂкати по широких полях, где который могл, уносячи здорове свое, a литва, заюшившися, тым смЂлей били их так, иж тыи три орды за ласкою божею. A Долгерд, гетман, з войском литовским вернулся сщасливе до Витолта, который еще в той час был в Смоленску, котрый Долгерда гетмана своего вдячне принял, и войску всему заплатил заслуги и дяковал им за так горливое на войнЂ той воеване, и дал им вытхнене на волостех Смоленских, то есть зимовое становиско яко жолнЂром. (circa 1395)

Про Даўгірд Ян Салкулевіч (Українська)

Літаратура : Semkowicz W. O litewskich rodach bojarskich zbratanych ze szlachta polska w Horodle roku 1413 // Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Heraldycznego we Lwowie. 1926—1927, T. 8.

Daugirdas / Dawgird / Dowgerd / Dewgerd / Dolgert / Долгерд / Doldio (lot.) - гетман.