5. SULTAN BOLKIAH (TM 1485 - 1524)

Baginda adalah Sultan Bolkiah Shah Alam [Sultan Brunei ke-5, 1485-1524] da merupakan anakanda kepada Al-Marhum Sultan Sulaiman. Nama Bolkiah dikatakan diambil daripada nama Sharif Bolkiah bin Sharif Rumaithah yang merupakan ayahanda saudara kepada Sultan Sharif Ali. Sebutan asalnya mungkin Abul Bolkiah tetapi ditukar menjadi Bolkiah. Menurut Boxer Codex, Sultan Bolkiah ini disebutkan menjadi Sultan Salan , mungkin dimaksudkan Abdul Salam, awalan nama Sultan Bolkiah, iaitu Sultan Abdul Salam Bolkiah. Semasa hayatnya rombongan Ferdinand Magellan dan Antonio Pigafetta melawat Brunei. Pada zaman baginda jugalah pemerintahan Brunei bukan sahaja meliputi keseluruhan Pulau Borneo seperti Sambas, Tanjungpura, Kota Waringin, Banjarmasin, Pasir, Kutai, Bolongan dan lain–lain bahkan Pulau–Pulau Suluk, Palawan, Keramian hingga Saludang (Luzon) iaitu daerah-daerah yang sekarang dikenali dengan nama Filipina. Nama timang-timangan baginda selain Nakhoda Ragam, juga dikenali dengan nama Adipati Suluk. Zaman pemerintahan baginda ini dikatakan sebagai zaman keemasan Empayar Brunei. Permaisuri baginda yang termasyhur bernama Puteri Laila Menchanai. Baginda lindung pada 1524, dikatakan kerana cucukan jarum emas yang digunakan oleh Puteri Laila Menchanai semasa menyulam pada waktu baginda sedang beradu dipangkuan permaisuri itu. Baginda digantikan oleh putera baginda, Pg Muda Tengah ‘Abdul Kahar.

Menurut Sejarah Brunei, Sultan Bolkiah adalah salah seorang Sultan Brunei yang gagah berani. Baginda juga termasyhur dengan kegiatannya suka berangkat keluar negeri, dan apabila balik membawa oleh-oleh untuk pembangunan negeri. Ketika belayar Baginda membawa gendang kebesaran Diraja, sebab itulah baginda terkenal dengan jolokan Anakhuda Ragam atau Nakhoda Ragam. Baginda mengembara bukan sahaja hingga ke Jawa dan Melaka malah telah belayar dan menundukkan seluruh Pulau Borneo termasuk Manila dan Suluk. Baginda juga dikatakan pada masa damitnya, baginda adalah seorang putera yang cerdas dan berbakat, suka mendengar cerita-cerita kepahlawanan dan kependekeran, dan seterusnya mempelajari dan mendalami ilmu itu daripada orang tua-tua yang arif dalam bidang tersebut. Pada zaman pemerintahan baginda, Brunei terkenal aman, kaya dan makmur. Zaman baginda inilah juga dikatakan zaman keemasan Brunei. Dalam Sejarah Tawi-Tawi, baginda disebut Tuan Nakhoda (Nakhoda Ragam) yang terkenal sebagai laksamana laut yang memerintah Borneo, Tawi-Tawi dan Manila. Di Suluk kadang-kadang baginda disebutkan juga Adipati Suluk. Dalam beberapa pelayaran baginda antara Brunei dengan Manila yang diiringkan oleh rakyat dan pahlawan-pahlawan baginda telah dapat menduduki dan membuat penempatan di Mamburao, Lubang dan Batangas (Balayan) lebih-lebih lagi setelah baginda berkahwin dengan puteri dari Manila. Penempatan-penempatan yang disebutkan bukan sahaja telah mengukuhkan kekuatan dan pengaruh politik baginda tetapi juga telah dapat menyebarkan syiar Islam di kalangan penduduk tempatan. Menurut Antonia de Morga beberapa taun sebelum orang Sepanyol menakluki Filipina, orang-orang Brunei telah datang ke Pulau Luzon terutama sekali ke Bandar Manila dan Tondo; dan penduduk kedua-dua buah pulau itu (Borneo dan Luzon) telah berkahwin campur. Sebuah daripada penempatan orang Brunei di Manila yang termasyhur ialah terletak di Kuala Sungai Pasig yang menurut Sepanyol adalah sebuah penempatan yang mempunyai ramai penduduk.

Dalam Salasilah Raja Berunai versi Datu Imam Aminuddin kisah pengembaraan Sultan Bolkiah ini disebutkan antara lain; "... Sultan Bolkiah ... ialah mengalahkan Negeri Suluk dan Negeri Saludang, nama raja Datu Gamban ..., ialah berisiteri akan Puteri Lela Manjanai (Menchanai)." Kisah penaklukan Sultan Bolkiah ke atas Pulau Saludang (Luzon) dan Suluk, serta perkahwinan baginda dengan anak Datu Gamban dan Puteri Laila Menchanai, puteri Sultan Suluk, bukan sahaja telah mengukuhkan pengaruh baginda di wilayah-wilayah utara Pulau Brunei, tetapi juga telah mengubah sikap permusuhan kepada ikatan tali persaudaraan dan kekeluargaan antara negeri yang menakluki dengan negeri yang ditakluk. Menurut Ahmad Alonto (seorang Islam yang terkemuka di Manila berasal dari Magindanao), Raja Sulaiman, yang dikalahkan oleh Sepanyol dalam tahun 1571 dan Datu Lakandula, yang ditewaskan dalam tahun 1574 adalah sepupu Sultan Saiful Rijal cucunda Sultan Bolkiah. Mungkin bonda Raja Sulaiman itu adalah puteri Sultan Bolkiah dengan isteri baginda puteri Datu Gamban. Disebutkan juga Raja Sulaiman itu adalah anak saudara Raja Matanda, beristerikan seorang daripada Puteri Diraja Brunei. Sepanyol meriwayatkan baginda dan orang-orang baginda mempunyai harta benda di Brunei. Selain beristerikan isteri-isteri yang berasal dari waris-waris Kesultanan Sulu iaitu Putri Sulu dan Putri Laila Menchanai, baginda juga dikatakan ada beristerikan dengan Pengiran-Pengiran Peranakan Brunei. Dalam perangkatan pelayaran balik ke Brunei, baginda telah lindung pada 9 Ramadan 930H bersamaan 11 Julai 1524M dan dimakamkan di Makam Selarong Bernisan Tiga, Kota Batu di sisi permaisuri baginda, Puteri Lela Menchanai.

والله أعلمُ

More here: http://bit.ly/aT8Qgc

http://www.bt.com.bn/golden-legacy/2011/06/13/antonio-pigafetta-bru...

Rozan Yunos BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN

Monday, June 13, 2011

ONE of the most vivid descriptions about Brunei in the 16th century was provided by a European voyager named Pigafetta.

Pigafetta was an Italian but was part of a Spanish crew exploring the Indies. On the return voyage to Spain, they travelled via the Pacific and Indian Oceans.

It was during the return trip to Pigafetta stopped in Brunei and described Brunei very clearly. It was his description that many historians quoted quite extensively. His description is very comprehensive and covered many areas including the first description the city entirely built in salt water.

Parts of his description of Brunei include the following description of Kampong Ayer:

"The city is built in the sea, the King's palace and the houses of the principal persons excepted. It contains twenty-five thousand hearths or families. The houses are built of wood upon large piles, to keep them from the water. When the tide rises, the women, who are chief venders of necessaries, traverse the town in boats. In front of the King's place is a large wall, built with bricks of great size, with embrazures, or rather port-holes, as in a fortress; and on the wall are mounted fifty-six bombards of brass, and fix of iron: in course of two days we passed in the city, they made several discharges from these guns."

Pigafetta described the Sultan as: "the King, who is a Mahometan, is called Rajah Siripada. He is very corpulent and may be about forty years of age. He is waited upon by women alone, the daughters of the chief inhabitants of the island. No one is allowed to address him otherwise than in the manner I have described, through a sarbacane. He has ten secretaries constantly employed on different matters of state, who write on a very thin epidermis of certain trees which is called chiritoles. He never leaves his palace upon any occasion other than to hunt."

Who was Pigafetta? Pigafetta was named Cavallero Antonio Pigafetta born in 1491 and died in 1534. He was an Italian scholar and traveller from today's Austrian city of Venice then known as the Republic of Venice. In his book, he described himself as "a gentleman of Vicenza, and Knight of Rhodes".

Pigafetta himself came from a rich family and is independently wealthy. As a young man, he studied subjects related to seafaring and travel such as astronomy, cartography and geography. The voyage with Magellan was not his first. He had served on the ships of the Knights of Rhodes at the beginning of the sixteenth century.

In 1519, Pigafetta accompanied the papal nuncio, Monsignor Chieregati, to Spain. It was in Seville, Spain that Antonio Pigafetta heard of Magellan's planned expedition and he decided to join the crew.

In a translation from an 1819 book entitled "A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in Various Parts of America", many of which are now first translated into English by John Pinkerton, Pigafetta described,

"In the year 1519, I was in Spain at the court of Charles V, King of the Romans, in company with Signor Chiericato, then apostolical prothonotary and orator of Pope Leo X of holy memory, who by his merits was raised to the dignity of Bishop and Prince of Teramo."

"An opportunity soon presented itself. I learnt that a squadron of five vessels was under equipment at Sevilla, destined for the discovery of the Molucca Islands, whence we derive our spices; and that Fernandez Magellan, a Portuguese gentleman, and commander of the order of St Jago de la Spata, who had already more than once traversed the ocean with great reputation, was nominated captain-general of the expedition."

Pigafetta accepted the title of sobrasaliente or supernumerary (temporary staff) and a pay of 1,000 maravedis. It was during the expedition Pigafetta became Magellan's assistant. He kept an accurate and meticulous journal throughout the journey. There were 240 men who set out from Seville together with Pigafetta.

They travelled around the world exploring parts of the Indies, the Americas and later arrived in Asia. It was in Mactan, Philippines, that Magellan was killed by the natives there. Pigafetta himself was wounded. He recorded that Magellan was killed on April 27, 1521, and described the battle between the islanders and the Spanish.

Captain Juan Sebastian Elcano took over the leadership on the death of Magella. Pigafetta managed to recover. Captain Elcano together with Pigafetta was among 18 men out of the original 240 who limped back to Spain arriving at the port in Salucar de Barrameda, Province of Cadiz, in September 1522.

Pigafetta later returned to Venice. He wrote about his experiences in his book entitled "Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo" ("Report on the First Voyage Around the World") originally published in Italian. The book was published in French when Charles Amoretti translated it into French. The manuscript was not published in its entirety until the late eighteenth century.

Pigafetta described that he wrote the book because "on my return to Italy, His Holiness the Sovereign Pontiff Clement VII, of whom I had the honour of an audience at Monterosi, and to whom I related the adventures of my voyage, received me with great kindness, and told me that I should much oblige him in affording a copy of the journal of my voyage". Pigafetta dedicated his book and the Island of Rhodes to the Grand Master of Rhodes. The Brunei Times

Sultan Bolkiah (Nakhoda Ragam): Who are the descendants of Sultan Bolkiah? - By: Mohd Abdullah Abd Ghani

The genealogy of Sultan Bolkiah descendants are bit confusing. He was been recorded to have several wife including those who lived in Sulu, Philippines. He also been recorded in Philippine's royal family genealogy, however those records from Philippines are not match to records that Brunei have. What we have here (in my Geni.com website) are still theory which derived from several record comparison. Using this record as historical fact (regarding on Sultan Bolkiah's descendent) are within reader's responsibility. Here are some of the relevant records about Sultan Bolkiah genealogy which may help:

Text extracted from: http://www.royalark.net/Brunei/brunei3.htm'''

1513 - 1533 H.H. Sri Paduka Baginda Sultan Bolkiah Shah Alam ibni al-Marhum Sultan Sulaiman, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of Brunei Dar us-Salam. b. ca. 1481, son of Paduka Sri Sultan Sulaiman ibni al-Marhum Sultan Sharif 'Ali Berkat, Sultan of Brunei Dar us-Salam#5, educ. Java. In his reign Brunei became a great Imperial power in the region and extended its influence over large parts of Borneo and the Philippines, including the sultanates of Sulu and Maguindanao. Crowned before 19th March 1513. m. (first) a daughter of Datu Gamban, of Seluang, in Sulu. m. (second) Putri Laila Menjanai (bur. at the Kiangi, above the Upas), daughter of Sultan Nasuran, and granddaughter of Paduka Maulana Maha Sri Sultan Sharif al-Hashim 'Abu Bakar bin Sharif Zainal-Abidn, Sultan of Sulu. He d. 1533 #6 (bur. Sultan Bolkiah Mausoleum, Kota Batu), having had issue:

•1) H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan 'Abdu'l Kahar Jalil ul-Alam ibni al-Marhum Sultan Bolkiah Shah Alam, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of Brunei Dar us-Salam - see below.

•2) Y.A.M. Paduka Sri Pangiran Bendahara Sri Maharaja Permaisuara Pangiran Muhammad Tajud-din.

•3) Y.A.M. Pangiran Sri Maharaja Laila Pangiran Buong Manis (uncle of Rijal in Spanish accounts 1578). He quarrelled with Raja Sakam, who banished him to Kamanis. He then intrigued with the Spanish to invade Brunei in 1578. He d. from cholera, at Brunei Town, August 1578, having had issue: •a) A daughter. m. at Brunei Town, 1575, a son of Y.A.M. Pangiran Sri Maharaja Ratna. •b) Aother daughter. m. at Brunei Town, 26th June 1578, Don Agostin de Legazpi (k. by the Spanish for rebellion, 1589), nephew of Datu Lacondola, of Tondo, in the Philippines.

•4) Pangiran …He had issue, a son: •a) Y.A.M. Pangiran Maharaja di-Raja (cousin of Rijal in Spanish accounts 1578). Appointed as Governor of the capitol by the Spanish, pending the return of the Sultan 1578. He fled to Sarawak with his family, after the Spanish withdrew from Brunei.

•1) A daughter. m. the Raja of Maynilad, in Luzon, the Philippines. She had issue, a son: ◾a) Raja Muhammad Matanda, of Maynilad. m. at Brunei, ca. 29th July 1521, his first cousin, a granddaughter of Sultan Bolkiah Shah Alam. He d.s.p.l.

Text extracted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolkiah'''

Sultan Bolkiah was the sixth Sultan of Brunei. He ascended the throne of Brunei upon the abdication of his father, Sultan Sulaiman, and ruled Brunei from 1485 to 1524. His reign marked the Golden Age of Brunei[1] and saw the Sultanate become the superpower of the Malay archipelago. Bolkiah frequently travelled abroad to gain new ideas for the development of the country, as well as seeking suggestions from his various chiefs.

Sultan Bolkiah's victory over Sulu and Seludong (modern day Manila),[2] as well as his marriages to Laila Mecana, the daughter of Sulu Sultan Amir Ul-Ombra, widened Brunei's influence in the Philippines.

This increased Brunei's wealth as well as extending Islamic teachings in the region, resulting in the influence and power of Brunei reaching its peak during this period. Bolkiah's rule reached essentially all of coastal Borneo,[1] as far south as Banjarmasin,[3] and as far north as the island of Luzon, including Seludong (present-day Manila) in the Philippines.[1]

Bolkiah was married to Laila Mecanai the daughter of Sulu Sultan Amir Ul-Ombra and Datu Kemin.

After his death, sultan Bolkiah was succeeded by his son, Abdul Kahar.[1] He was buried in Kota Batu with his wife, Princess Leila Mechanai.

The earliest historical record of the Sultans of Brunei is not clearly known due to the poor early documentation of Brunei history. In addition there has been an effort to Islamise the history, with the "official history" not matching up with verifiable foreign sources [4] The Batu Tarsilah - the genealogical record of the kings of Brunei - was not started until 1807. Therefore, much of the intepretation on history relied on earlier Chinese sources and legends.[5] It seems that the early Sultanate of Brunei was dependent on Chinese support,[5][6][7] and perhaps early Sultans were of Chinese origin.[5] Furthermore the earliest Sultans may have been practising the Hindu or Buddhist religions, with early names indicating this origin.[4]

Notes and references

1.^ Jump up to: a b c d Sidhu, Jatswan S. (2009). "Bolkiah, Sultan (r. 1485–1524)". Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam (second ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-8108-7078-9. 2.Jump up ^ Although this is the interpretation based upon the work of Antonio Pigafetta, other authorities suggest that Seludong may have referred to the Serudong River, which is in northeastern Borneo, and not to the island of Luzon at all. Saunders, Graham (2002). History of Brunei (second ed.). New York: RoutledgeCurzon. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-7007-1698-2. 3.Jump up ^ Saunders 2002, p. 45 4.^ Jump up to: a b "Brunei". 4dw.net. Retrieved 18 January 2015. 5.^ Jump up to: a b c Elisseeff, Vadime (January 2000). "Chapter 8: A Brunei Sultan of the Early Fourteenth Century - A Study of an Arabic Gravestone". The Silk Roads: Highways of Culture and Commerce. Berghahn Books. pp. 145–157. ISBN 978-1-57181-222-3. Retrieved 26 December 2013. 6.Jump up ^ "Malay History: What's Missing in Malaysian History Books". Malaysianunplug.blogspot.co.uk. Retrieved 18 January 2015. 7.Jump up ^ "The golden history of Islam in Brunei". The Brunei Times. Retrieved 18 January 2015.

Kingdom of Tondo and its relation to Sultan Bolkiah.

Tondo (also referred to as Tundo, Tundun, Tundok, Lusung) was a fortified kingdom which was located in the Manila Bay area, specifically north of the Pasig River, on Luzon island. It is one of the settlements mentioned by the Philippines' earliest historical record, the Laguna Copperplate Inscription.

Originally an Indianized kingdom in the 10th century, Tondo built upon and capitalized on being central to the long-existing ancient regional trading routes throughout the archipelago to include among others, initiating diplomatic and commercial ties with China during the Ming Dynasty. Thus it became an established force in trade throughout Southeast Asia and East Asia. (See Luções). Tondo's regional prominence further culminated during the period of its associated trade and alliance with Brunei's Sultan Bolkiah, when around 1500 its peak age as a thalassocratic force in the northern archipelago was realized. When the Spanish first arrived in Tondo in 1570 and defeated the local rulers in the Manila Bay area in 1591, Tondo came under the administration of Manila (a Spanish fort built on the remains of Kota Seludong), ending its existence as an independent state. This subjugated Tondo continues to exist today as a district of the city of Manila.

Alliance with the Sultanate of Brunei (1500)

Tondo became so prosperous that around the year 1500, the Kingdom of Brunei under Sultan Bolkiah merged it by a royal marriage of Gat Lontok, who later became Rajah of Namayan, and Dayang Kaylangitan to establish a city with the Malay name of Selurong (later to become the city of Maynila)[12][13] on the opposite bank of Pasig River. The traditional rulers of Tondo, the Lakandula, retained their titles and property upon embracing Islam but the real political power transferred to the master trader House of Sulayman, the Rajahs of Manila.[14]

Notable monarchs of Tondo[edit]

Jayadeva Senapati (Admiral) 900? ? Lakan Timamanukum 1150? ? Alon Lakan Alon 1200? ? Gambang Lakan Gambang 1390? 1417? Suko Lakan Suko 1417? 1430? Lontok Lakan Lontok 1430? 1450? Kalangitan Dayang Kaylangitan, Queen of Namayan and Tondo 1450? 1515? Salalila Rajah Salalila or Rajah Sulayman I 1515? 1558? Matanda Rajah Matanda or Rajah Sulayman II or Rajah Ache, King of Namayan 1558? 1571 Lakan Dula Banaw Lakandula, King of Tondo and Sabag 1558? 1571 Sulayman Rajah Sulayman, King of Tondo 1571 1585 Magat Salamat

Sultan Bolkiah (Nakhoda Ragam) in other references:

One of the most interesting facts about Sultan Bolkiah (Nakhoda Ragam) that I found are come from the unexpected source, which is a book with tittle The Soils of The Philippines written by Authors: Carating, Rodelio B., Galanta, Raymundo G., and Bacatio, Clarita D. This book is look like an ordinary soils science book, however what surprising me most is the contents of royal family history inside it (which we won't expect it to be appear in soil science book). About 30% of this book contents are history of royal families and rulers of ancient Philippines.

In page 31 to 32 in this book which published by Springer, mention about Sultan Bolkiah or Nakhoda Ragam is the same person as Gat Lontok or Rajah Lontok who married to Dayang Kalangitan Datu Gamban which by this marriage have daughter known as Dayang Panginoan ibni Sultan Bolkiah who then married to Gat Balagtas, ruler of the Kingdom of Namayan, with tittle Rajah Salalila who converted to Islam when married with Dayang Panginoan ibni Sultan Bolkiah and became known as Rajah Suleyman 1 de Salila of the Kingdom of Maynila.