Alexios III, byzantine emperor

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexios_III_Angelos

Alexios III Angelos (Greek: Αλέξιος Γ' Άγγελος) (c. 1153 – 1211) was Byzantine emperor from 1195 to 1203.

   * 1 Early life

   * 2 Reign

   * 3 Fourth Crusade

   * 4 Life in exile

   * 5 Family

   * 6 References

Early life

Alexios III Angelos was the second son of Andronicos Angelos and Euphrosyne Castamonitissa. Andronicus was himself a son of Theodora Comnene, the youngest daughter of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos and Irene Ducaena. Thus Alexius Angelus was a member of the extended imperial family. Together with his father and brothers, Alexios had conspired against Emperor Andronikos I Komnenos (c. 1183), and thus he spent several years in exile in Muslim courts, including that of Saladin.

His younger brother Isaac II Angelos, was threatened with execution under orders of their first cousin once removed Andronicos I Comnenos on September 11, 1185. Isaac made a desperate attack on the imperial agents and killed their leader Stephanus Hagiochristophorites. He then took refuge in the church of Hagia Sophia and from there appealed to the populace. His actions provoked a riot, which resulted in the deposition of Andronicus I, and the proclamation of Isaac II Angelus as emperor. Alexius was now closer to the imperial throne than ever before.

Reign

By 1190 Alexios Angelos had returned to the court of his younger brother, from whom he received the elevated title of sebastokratōr. In 1195, while Isaac II was away hunting in Thrace, Alexius was acclaimed as emperor by the troops with the conniving of Alexios' wife Euphrosyne Ducaena Camatera. Alexios captured Isaac at Stagira in Macedonia, put out his eyes, and thenceforth kept him a close prisoner, though he had been redeemed by him from captivity at Antioch and loaded with honours.

To compensate for this crime and to solidify his position as emperor, Alexios had to scatter money so lavishly as to empty his treasury, and to allow such licence to the officers of the army as to leave the Empire practically defenceless. He consummated the financial ruin of the state. In 1195, Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI forced Alexios III to pay him a tribute of 1,000 pounds of gold (originally 5,000 pounds of gold). The able and forceful empress Euphrosyne Ducaena Camatera tried in vain to sustain his credit and his court; Vatatzes, the favourite instrument of her attempts at reform, was assassinated by the emperor's orders.

In the east the Empire was overrun by the Seljuk Turks; from the north Bulgarians and Vlachs descended unchecked to ravage the plains of Macedonia and Thrace, and Kaloyan of Bulgaria annexed several important cities, while Alexius squandered the public treasure on his palaces and gardens and attempted to deal with the crisis through diplomatic means. The emperor's attempts to bolster the empire's defenses by special concessions to Byzantine and Bulgarian notables in the frontier zone backfired, as the latter built up regional autonomy. Byzantine authority survived, but in a much weakened state.

Fourth Crusade

Soon Alexios was threatened by a new and yet more formidable danger. In 1202 the Western princes assembled at Venice launched the Fourth Crusade. Alexios IV Angelos, the son of the deposed Isaac II, had recently escaped from Constantinople and now appealed to the crusaders, promising to end the schism of East and West, to pay for their transport, and to provide military support to the crusaders if they helped him to depose his uncle and sit on his father's throne.

The crusaders, whose objective had been Egypt, were persuaded to set their course for Constantinople before which they appeared in June 1203, proclaiming Alexios as emperor and inviting the populace of the capital to depose his uncle. Alexius III took no efficient measures to resist, and his attempts to bribe the crusaders failed. His son-in-law, Theodore Lascaris, who was the only one to attempt anything significant, was defeated at Scutari, and the siege of Constantinople began. Unfortunately for Constantinople, Alexius III's misgovernment had left the Byzantine navy with only 20 worm-eaten hulks by the time the Crusaders arrived.

In July, the crusaders, led by the aged Doge Enrico Dandolo, scaled the walls and took control of a major section. In the ensuing fighting, the crusaders set the city on fire, ultimately leaving 20,000 people homeless. Alexios III finally took action, and led 17 divisions from the St. Romanus Gate, vastly outnumbering the crusaders. But his courage failed, and the Byzantine army returned to the city without a fight. His courtiers demanded action, and Alexius promised to fight. Instead, that night (July 17/18), Alexios III hid in the palace, and finally, with one of his daughters, Eirene, and such treasures (1,000 pounds of gold) as he could collect, got into a boat and escaped to Develton in Thrace, leaving his wife and his other daughters behind. Isaac II, drawn from his prison and robed once more in the imperial purple, received his son in state.

Life in exile

Alexius attempted to organize a resistance to the new regime from Adrianople and then Mosynopolis, where he was joined by the later usurper Alexius V Ducas Murtzuphlus in April 1204, after the definitive fall of Constantinople to the crusaders and the establishment of the Latin Empire.

At first Alexios III received Alexius V well, even allowing him to marry his daughter Eudocia Angelina. Later Alexios V was blinded and deserted by his father-in-law, who fled from the crusaders into Thessaly. Here Alexius III eventually surrendered, with Euphrosyne, to Marquis Boniface of Montferrat, who was establishing himself as ruler of the Kingdom of Thessalonica.

Trying to escape Boniface's "protection", Alexius III attempted to seek shelter with Michael I Ducas, the ruler of Epirus, in 1205. Captured by Boniface, Alexius III and his retinue were sent to Montferrat, before being brought back to Thessalonica c. 1209. At that point the deposed emperor was ransomed by Michael I of Epirus, who sent him to Asia Minor, where Alexios' son-in-law Theodore I Lascaris of the Empire of Nicaea was holding his own against the Latins.

Here Alexios III conspired against his son-in-law after the latter refused to recognize Alexius' authority, and received the support of Kay Khusrau I, the sultan of Rüm. In the battle of Antioch on the Maeander in 1211, the sultan was defeated and killed, and Alexius III was captured by Theodore Lascaris. Alexius III was relegated to a monastery at Nicaea, where he died later in 1211.

Family

By his marriage to Euphrosyne Doucaena Camaterina Alexios had three daughters:

1. Eirene Angelina, who married (1) Andronicus Contostephanus, and (2) Alexius Palaeologus, by whom she was the grandmother of Emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus.
2. Anna Angelina, who married (1) the sebastokrator Isaac Komnenos, great-nephew of emperor Manuel I Comnenus, and (2) Theodore Lascaris, emperor of Nicaea.
3. Eudocia Angelina, who married (1) King Stefan I Prvovenčani of Serbia, then (2) Emperor Alexius V, and (3) Leo Sgouros, ruler of Corinth.

References

   * This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

   * Michael Angold, The Byzantine Empire, 1025-1204: A Political History, second edition (London and New York, 1997)

   * C.M. Brand, Byzantium Confronts the West (Cambridge, MA, 1968)

   * Jonathan Harris, Byzantium and the Crusades (London and New York, 2003)

   * Jonathan Harris, Constantinople: Capital of Byzantium (London and New York, 2007)

   * The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium (Oxford , 1991), 3 vols.

   * K. Varzos, Ē genealogia tōn Komnēnōn (Thessalonica, 1984)

   * Plate, William (1867). "Alexios III Angelos". in William Smith. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. 1. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. pp. 130. http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moa;cc=moa;id....

Alexios III Angelos (c. 1153 – 1211) was Byzantine emperor from 1195 to 1203.

Alexios III Angelos was the second son of Andronicos Angelos and Euphrosyne Castamonitissa. Andronicus was himself a son of Theodora Comnene, the youngest daughter of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos and Irene Ducaena. Thus Alexius Angelus was a member of the extended imperial family. Together with his father and brothers, Alexios had conspired against Emperor Andronikos I Komnenos (c. 1183), and thus he spent several years in exile in Muslim courts, including that of Saladin.

His younger brother Isaac II Angelos, was threatened with execution under orders of their first cousin once removed Andronicos I Comnenos on September 11, 1185. Isaac made a desperate attack on the imperial agents and killed their leader Stephanus Hagiochristophorites. He then took refuge in the church of Hagia Sophia and from there appealed to the populace. His actions provoked a riot, which resulted in the deposition of Andronicus I, and the proclamation of Isaac II Angelus as emperor. Alexius was now closer to the imperial throne than ever before.

By his marriage to Euphrosyne Doucaena Camaterina Alexios had three daughters:

Eirene Angelina, who married (1) Andronicus Contostephanus, and (2) Alexius Palaeologus, by whom she was the grandmother of Emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus. Anna Angelina, who married (1) the sebastokrator Isaac Komnenos, great-nephew of emperor Manuel I Comnenus, and (2) Theodore Lascaris, emperor of Nicaea. Eudocia Angelina, who married (1) King Stefan I Prvovenčani of Serbia, then (2) Emperor Alexius V, and (3) Leo Sgouros, ruler of Corinth.

Alexios III Angelos (Greek: Αλέξιος Γ' Άγγελος) (c. 1153 – 1211) was Byzantine emperor from 1195 to 1203.

Early life

Alexios III Angelos was the second son of Andronicos Angelos and Euphrosyne Castamonitissa. Andronicus was himself a son of Theodora Comnene, the youngest daughter of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos and Irene Ducaena. Thus Alexius Angelus was a member of the extended imperial family. Together with his father and brothers, Alexios had conspired against Emperor Andronikos I Komnenos (c. 1183), and thus he spent several years in exile in Muslim courts, including that of Saladin. His younger brother Isaac II Angelos, was threatened with execution under orders of their first cousin once removed Andronicos I Comnenos on September 11, 1185. Isaac made a desperate attack on the imperial agents and killed their leader Stephanus Hagiochristophorites. He then took refuge in the church of Hagia Sophia and from there appealed to the populace. His actions provoked a riot, which resulted in the deposition of Andronicus I, and the proclamation of Isaac II Angelus as emperor. Alexius was now closer to the imperial throne than ever before. [edit]Reign

By 1190 Alexios Angelos had returned to the court of his younger brother, from whom he received the elevated title of sebastokratōr. In 1195, while Isaac II was away hunting in Thrace, Alexius was acclaimed as emperor by the troops with the conniving of Alexios' wife Euphrosyne Ducaena Camatera. Alexios captured Isaac at Stagira in Macedonia, put out his eyes, and thenceforth kept him a close prisoner, though he had been redeemed by him from captivity at Antioch and loaded with honours. To compensate for this crime and to solidify his position as emperor, Alexios had to scatter money so lavishly as to empty his treasury, and to allow such licence to the officers of the army as to leave the Empire practically defenceless. He consummated the financial ruin of the state. In 1195, Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI forced Alexios III to pay him a tribute of 1,000 pounds of gold (originally 5,000 pounds of gold). The able and forceful empress Euphrosyne Ducaena Camatera tried in vain to sustain his credit and his court; Vatatzes, the favourite instrument of her attempts at reform, was assassinated by the emperor's orders. In the east the Empire was overrun by the Seljuk Turks; from the north Bulgarians and Vlachs descended unchecked to ravage the plains of Macedonia and Thrace, and Kaloyan of Bulgaria annexed several important cities, while Alexius squandered the public treasure on his palaces and gardens and attempted to deal with the crisis through diplomatic means. The emperor's attempts to bolster the empire's defenses by special concessions to Byzantine and Bulgarian notables in the frontier zone backfired, as the latter built up regional autonomy. Byzantine authority survived, but in a much weakened state. [edit]Fourth Crusade

Soon Alexios was threatened by a new and yet more formidable danger. In 1202 the Western princes assembled at Venice launched the Fourth Crusade. Alexios IV Angelos, the son of the deposed Isaac II, had recently escaped from Constantinople and now appealed to the crusaders, promising to end the schism of East and West, to pay for their transport, and to provide military support to the crusaders if they helped him to depose his uncle and sit on his father's throne. The crusaders, whose objective had been Egypt, were persuaded to set their course for Constantinople before which they appeared in June 1203, proclaiming Alexios as emperor and inviting the populace of the capital to depose his uncle. Alexius III took no efficient measures to resist, and his attempts to bribe the crusaders failed. His son-in-law, Theodore Lascaris, who was the only one to attempt anything significant, was defeated at Scutari, and the siege of Constantinople began. Unfortunately for Constantinople, Alexius III's misgovernment had left the Byzantine navy with only 20 worm-eaten hulks by the time the Crusaders arrived. In July, the crusaders, led by the aged Doge Enrico Dandolo, scaled the walls and took control of a major section. In the ensuing fighting, the crusaders set the city on fire, ultimately leaving 20,000 people homeless. Alexios III finally took action, and led 17 divisions from the St. Romanus Gate, vastly outnumbering the crusaders. But his courage failed, and the Byzantine army returned to the city without a fight. His courtiers demanded action, and Alexius promised to fight. Instead, that night (July 17/18), Alexios III hid in the palace, and finally, with one of his daughters, Eirene, and such treasures (1,000 pounds of gold) as he could collect, got into a boat and escaped to Develton in Thrace, leaving his wife and his other daughters behind. Isaac II, drawn from his prison and robed once more in the imperial purple, received his son in state. [edit]Life in exile

Alexius attempted to organize a resistance to the new regime from Adrianople and then Mosynopolis, where he was joined by the later usurper Alexius V Ducas Murtzuphlus in April 1204, after the definitive fall of Constantinople to the crusaders and the establishment of the Latin Empire. At first Alexios III received Alexius V well, even allowing him to marry his daughter Eudocia Angelina. Later Alexios V was blinded and deserted by his father-in-law, who fled from the crusaders into Thessaly. Here Alexius III eventually surrendered, with Euphrosyne, to Marquis Boniface of Montferrat, who was establishing himself as ruler of the Kingdom of Thessalonica. Trying to escape Boniface's "protection", Alexius III attempted to seek shelter with Michael I Ducas, the ruler of Epirus, in 1205. Captured by Boniface, Alexius III and his retinue were sent to Montferrat, before being brought back to Thessalonica c. 1209. At that point the deposed emperor was ransomed by Michael I of Epirus, who sent him to Asia Minor, where Alexios' son-in-law Theodore I Lascaris of the Empire of Nicaea was holding his own against the Latins. Here Alexios III conspired against his son-in-law after the latter refused to recognize Alexius' authority, and received the support of Kay Khusrau I, the sultan of Rüm. In the battle of Antioch on the Maeander in 1211, the sultan was defeated and killed, and Alexius III was captured by Theodore Lascaris. Alexius III was relegated to a monastery at Nicaea, where he died later in 1211. [edit]Family

By his marriage to Euphrosyne Doucaena Camaterina Alexios had three daughters: Eirene Angelina, who married (1) Andronicus Contostephanus, and (2) Alexius Palaeologus, by whom she was the grandmother of Emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus. Anna Angelina, who married (1) the sebastokrator Isaac Komnenos, great-nephew of emperor Manuel I Comnenus, and (2) Theodore Lascaris, emperor of Nicaea. Eudocia Angelina, who married (1) King Stefan I Prvovenčani of Serbia, then (2) Emperor Alexius V, and (3) Leo Sgouros, ruler of Corinth. [edit]References

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Michael Angold, The Byzantine Empire, 1025-1204: A Political History, second edition (London and New York, 1997) C.M. Brand, Byzantium Confronts the West (Cambridge, MA, 1968) Jonathan Harris, Byzantium and the Crusades (London and New York, 2003) Jonathan Harris, Constantinople: Capital of Byzantium (London and New York, 2007) The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium (Oxford , 1991), 3 vols. K. Varzos, Ē genealogia tōn Komnēnōn (Thessalonica, 1984) Plate, William (1867). "Alexios III Angelos". in William Smith. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. 1. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. pp. 130.

Byzantine emperor from 1195 to 1203. Fourth Crusade ended this period of Byzantine history; the empire was in ruins

Alexios III. Angelos (griechisch Ἀλέξιος Γ' Ἄγγελος; † nach 1210 in Nicäa) war byzantinischer Kaiser von 1195 bis 1203. Er war der zweite Sohn des Andronikos Angelos, eines Neffen des Kaisers Alexios II.

1195, während sein Bruder Isaak II. in Thrakien auf der Jagd war, wurde er von den Truppen zum Kaiser proklamiert. Er nahm Isaak in Stagira in Makedonien gefangen, blendete ihn und steckte ihn ins Gefängnis, obwohl er von ihm aus der Gefangenschaft in Antiochia befreit und mit Ehren überhäuft worden war.

Um das Verbrechen vergessen zu machen und seine Position zu festigen, musste er so freigiebig Geld ausgeben, dass der Staatsschatz dabei geleert wurde, und seinen Offizieren derartige Freiheiten gewähren, dass das Reich praktisch ohne Verteidigung war. Er vollendete den finanziellen Ruin des Staates. Die fähige und tatkräftige Kaiserin Euphrosyne versuchte vergebens, dagegenzuhalten, jedoch wurde ihr bester Berater bei ihren Reformversuchen, Vatatzes, auf Befehl des Kaisers ermordet.

Im Osten wurde das Reich durch die Seldschuken überrannt. Im Norden fielen 1195/96 die Bulgaren und Walachen ungestraft über die makedonischen und thrakischen Ebenen her, während Alexios den Staatsschatz für seine Paläste und Gärten verschwendete.

Bald wurde er von einer neuen und überragenden Gefahr bedroht. Im Jahr 1202 hatten sich die europäischen Fürsten des Vierten Kreuzzugs in Venedig versammelt. Alexios, Sohn des abgesetzten Isaak, floh aus Konstantinopel und appellierte an die Kreuzfahrer, versprach ihnen die Aufhebung des Morgenländischen Schismas zwischen der Katholischen und der Orthodoxen Kirche, falls sie ihm helfen würden, seinen Onkel abzusetzen.

Die Kreuzritter, deren Ziel eigentlich Ägypten war, ließen sich überzeugen, und erschienen im Juni 1203 vor Konstantinopel, proklamierten Alexios als Alexios IV. zum Kaiser. Alexios III., in Vergnügen versunken, leistete keinen wirklichen Widerstand. Sein Schwiegersohn Theodor Laskaris, der als einziger überhaupt etwas tat, wurde bei Skutari geschlagen, und die Belagerung Konstantinopels begann.

Am 17. Juli stürmten die Kreuzfahrer, den alten Dogen Enrico Dandolo an der Spitze, die Mauern und nahmen die Stadt im Sturm. Während der Kämpfe und des folgenden Gemetzels versteckte sich Alexios III. im Palast, und floh schließlich mit einer seiner Töchter, Irene, und dem Staatsschatz auf ein Boot, mit dem er nach Develtum in Thrakien fuhr. Seine Ehefrau, die anderen Töchter und das Reich überließ er den Eroberern. Isaak II. wurde aus dem Gefängnis geholt und wieder auf den Thron gesetzt, mit Alexios IV. an seiner Seite. Aspron Trachy-Münze in Elektronlegierung. Rückseite: Alexius III Angelos mit Konstantin I.

Kurz darauf versuchte Alexios III. gemeinsam mit Alexios Murtzuphlos, den Thron zurückzuerobern. Der Versuch misslang, er irrte anschließend durch Griechenland und ergab sich schließlich mit Euphrosyne, die mittlerweile zu ihm gestoßen war, dem Bonifatius von Montferrat, der über den größten Teil der Balkanhalbinsel, dem sogenannten Königreich Thessaloniki, herrschte. Später suchte er Schutz bei Michael I. Angelos, Despot von Epirus, und wandte sich dann nach Kleinasien, wo sein Schwiegersohn Laskaris noch Widerstand gegen die Lateiner leistete.

Alexios III., unterstützt von Kai Chosrau I., dem Sultan von Rûm (auch Ikonion oder Konya genannt), forderte von Laskaris die Krone zurück, und wandte sich gegen ihn, als dieser sich weigerte. Laskaris gelang es, ihn zu schlagen und gefangen zu nehmen. Alexios wurde in ein Kloster bei Nicäa gesteckt, wo er zu einem unbekannten Zeitpunkt starb. Weblinks [Bearbeiten]

   * Lexikon des Mittelalters: Alexios III.

   * Byzanz: Alexios III.

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http://genealogy.euweb.cz/byzant/byzant4.html One Manolis Angelos from Philadelphia, had issue:

• A1. Konstantinos Angelos, admiral of Sicily, *ca 1085, +after VII.1166; m.ca 1120 Theodora Komnene (*5.1.1096/97)
  • B1. Ioannes Dukas, pretender to the throne in 1199, +1200; m.two women named Zoe
    • C1. Isaakios Komnenos Dukas, +1203; m.ca 1187 Eudokia Komnene Branaina
    • C2. Alexios Komnenos Dukas, blinded 1183
    • C3. THEODOROS I Komnenos Dukas Angelos, Emp of Thessalonica, +in prison in Nicaea shortly after 1253; m.before 1210 Maria Dukaina Komnene Petraliphaina
      • D1. Ioannes Komnenos, Emp of Thessalonica, +1244
      • D2. Demetrios Komnenos Dukas, despot of Thessalonica, *1225, +ca 1246
      • D3. Anna Dukaina, +in Serbia 1258; m.1219/20 Stefan Dukas Radoslav, King of Serbia (+after 1235)
      • D4. Eirene Komnene; m.1237/38 Tsar Ivan Asen II of the Bulgarians (+1241)
    • C4. Konstantinos Komnenos Dukas, pretender to Byzantine throne 1204, military governor of Aetolia, +after 1242
    • C5. Manuel Komnenos Dukas, Regent of Thessalonica (1230-37), +1241; 1m: ca 1216 Efimia, dau.of Staphen Nemanja Veliki-Zupan of Serbia; 2m: ca 1225 Maria, dau.of Tsar Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria
    • C6. a daughter, twin with Theodoros; may have m.Michael Kantakuzenos
    • C7. [illegitimate] Michael I Komnenos Dukas, +murdered ca 1215; m.N, a dau.of N.Melissenos; 2m: 1204 N, his 1st wife's sister
      • D1. Konstantinos Komnenos, +ca 1214
      • D2. a daughter; m.Eustach of Flanders
      • D3. Theodora Komnene
      • D4. Maria Komnene, engaged to King Stephen Prvovencani of Serbia; m.Konstantinos Malliasennos
      • D5. [illegitimate] MICHAÉL II Komnenos Dukas Notho Angelos, Archon of Epirus and Aetolia, *1205, +1266; m.ca 1230 Theodora Dukaina Petraliphaina
        • E1. Ioannes Dukas, imprisoned and blinded 1280, +committed suicide 1281/9; m.N, a dau.of Konstantinos Tornikes
          • F1. Helene Dukaina Tornikina Komnene; m.ca 1288 Alexios Raul (+1303)
        • E2. NIKEPHOROS I Dukas Komnenos, Despot of Epirus, *1240, +1296; 1m: 1256 Maria Laskarina of Nicaea (+1258); 2m: 1264/65 Anna Kantakuzene (+1313)
          • F1. Thomas Komnenodukas, Despot and Archon of Epirus and Aetolia, *1288/89, +murdered by his uncle Nicholas Orsini, Count of Cephalonia 1318; m.1313 Anna Palaiologina (+1321)
          • F2. Michael Dukas Angelos, given as hostage to Charles I of Anjou on 10.4.1279 and returned to his parents on 25.9.1281, +young after 1281(; 1m: N, a dau.of N Pharmakes; 2m: Maria Spartene)
          • F3. Katharina; m.ca 1274 Infant Fadrique of Castile
          • F4. Maria Komnene Dukaina; m.1292/93 Giovanni Orsini, Ct of Cephallenia (+1317)
          • F5. Thamar Komnene Dukaina, Lady of Bonditza and Lepanto, *ca 1277, +1311; m.L'Aquila IX.1294 (div 1309) Philippe d'Anjou, Pr of Tarento (*10.11.1278 +26.12.1332)
        • E3. Demetrios Michael Dukas Komnenos Kutrules, +after 1304; 1m: 1278 Anna Palaiologina (*1260, +1299/1300); 2m: 1301 Anna of Bulgaria (+after 1304)
          • F1. Konstantinos Palaiologos, +after 1345; m.NN
            • G1. Andronikos Palaiologos, +drowned 1344; m.N, a dau.of Alexios Apokaukos
            • G2. Ioannes Palaiologos
            • G3. Eudokia Palaiologina; m.Demetrios Tsamplakon
          • F2. Andronikos Palaiologos, Archon of Belgrade, a military gov for Emp Andronikos II, fled to Serbia, +1326/8; m.N, a dau.of Georgios Kokalas
            • G1. Anna Palaiologina, Regent of Epirus (1341-42), +after 1355; 1m: ca 1328 Ioannes Orsini, Ct of Cephallenia, Despot of Epirus (+of poisoning 1335); 2m: before 1355 Ivan Asen of Bulgaria, Gov of Valona (+1363)
            • G2. a daughter; m.Ioannes Angelos (+1348)
        • E4. Eudokia
        • E5. Helene Dukaina Angelina, heiress of Corfu, etc, *1242, +1271; m.1259 King Manfredo of Sicily (+1266)
        • E6. Anna Komnenodukaina, Lady of Kalamata and Clermont, +1286; 1m: ca 1258 Guillaume II de Villehardouin, Pr of Achaia (+1278); 2m: ca 1279 Nicolas de Saint-Omer, Pr of Achaia (+1294)
        • E7. [illegitimate] Ioannes Dukas Komnenos, Archon of Neaipatrai, +ca 1289; m.before 1259 a dau.of the Vlach Voivode Taronas
          • F1. Konstantinos Komnenos Dukas, Archon of Neaipatrai, +1303; m.Anna Evagionissa (+1317)
            • G1. Ioannes Dukas Angelos, Archon of Neaipatrai, +1318; m.1315 Eirene, illegitimate dau.of Emp Andronikos II Palaiologos
          • F2. Theodoros Komnenodukas Angelos, +1296
          • F3. Michael Komnenos, +murdered in jail in Constantinople 1307
          • F4. Helene Komnenodukaina, heiress of Lamia and Larissa; 1m: Guillaume de la Roche-sur-Yon, Duke of Athens (+1287); 2m: 1291 Hugues de Brienne, Cte di Lecce
          • F5. a daughter; m.Andronikos Tarchaneiotes (+1283)
          • F6. [parentage not certain] Jelena, +1298/9; m.ca 1276 (repudiated 1283) Stephen Uros, King of Serbia (+1321)
        • E8. [illegitimate] Theodoros Komnenodukas, +1257/8
  • B2. Alexios Komnenos Angelos; m.NN
    • C1. Michael Angelos, in 1189 was a hostage to Frederick Barbarossa
  • B3. Andronikos Dukas Angelos, a military leader in Asia Minor, *ca 1222, +after 1185; m.before 1155 Euphrosyne Kastamonitissa (*ca 1125 +after 1195)
    • C1. ALEXIOS III Komnenos Angelos, Emperor of Byzantium (1195-1203), +imprisoned in Nicaea after 1211; m.Euphrosyne Dukaina Kamaterina (+1211)
      • D1. Eirene Komnene Angelina, +after 1203; 1m: Andronikos Kontostephanos (+1196); 2m: 1199 Alexios Palaiologos
      • D2. Anna Komnene Angelina, *ca 1156, +1212; 1m: before 1190 Isaakios Komnenos (+after 1196); 2m: 1199 Theodoros I Laskaris, Emperor in Nicaea (+1222)
      • D3. Eudokia Komnene Angelina, +after 1208; 1m: 1191 (repudiated 1201/02) King Stephen Prvovancani of Serbia (+1227); 2m: 1204 Emperor Alexios V Dukas of Byzantium (+murdered 1204); 3m: 1204 Leon Sguros, Archon of Nauplia (+jumping from a tower 1208)
    • C2. ISAAKIOS II Angelos, Emperor of Byzantium (1185-95)+(1203-04), *1155, +Constantinople 12.4.1204 in prison; 1m: NN; 2m: 1185 Margaret of Hungary (*1175 +after 1223)
      • D1. [1m.] ALEXIOS IV Angelos, Emperor of Byzantium (1203-04) -cr Hagia Sophia, Constantinople 1.8.1203, *1182/3, +murdered 28.1.1204; was engaged to Eufemia of Tschernigov
      • D2. [1m.] a daughter, a nun
      • D3. [1m.] Eirene=Maria, *1172/81, +27.8.1208; 1m: 1192 Roger, Duke of Apulia (+1193); 2m: 1197 Duke Philip of Swabia, German King (+1208)
      • D4. [2m.] Manuel Angelos, +1212
      • D5. [2m.] Ioannes Angelos (Kalojan), Pr of Szerém, Comes de Keve, *ca 1203, +ca 1259; m.NN
    • C3. Ioannes Angelos; m.NN
      • D1. Andronikos Angelos, hostage to Frederick Barbarossa
      • D2. Theodora, (parentage not certain, maybe dau.of Isaakios II), +Kahlenberg 1246; m.1203 Duke Leopold VI of Austria and Styria (+1230)
    • C4. Theodoros Angelos, blinded 1184
    • C5. Andronikos Angelos, blinded 1184
    • C6. Konstantinos Angelos, blinded 1183
    • C7. Eirene Angeline; m.before 1170 Ioannes Kantakuzenos
    • C8. Theodora Angelina, +after 1195; m.1187 (div before 1190) Mgve Conrad I of Montferrat (+28.4.1192)
  • B4. Isaakios Angelos, military governor of Kilikia
    • C1. Konstantinos Angelos, Duke of Crete, blinded by Emp Isaakios II Angelos
    • C2. a daughter; m.Basilios Batatzes
  • B5. Maria Angelina; m.Konstantinos Kamytzes
  • B6. Eudokia Angelina; m.Gudelios Tsykandeles
  • B7. Zoe Angelina; m.Andronikos Synadenos, military gov of Durazzo (+1180)
• A2. Nikolaos Angelos
• A3. Michael Angelos
• A4. Ioannes Angelos, a military leader in Italy

NOTE: Although they were members of the Angelos family, they often bore other surnames. Rulers of Byzantium INDEX PAGE Last updated 8th December 2003

Alexios III Angelos (c. 1153 – 1211) was Byzantine emperor from 1195 to 1203.

Alexios III Angelos was the second son of Andronicos Angelos and Euphrosyne Castamonitissa. Andronicus was himself a son of Theodora Comnene, the youngest daughter of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos and Irene Ducaena. Thus Alexius Angelus was a member of the extended imperial family. Together with his father and brothers, Alexios had conspired against Emperor Andronikos I Komnenos (c. 1183), and thus he spent several years in exile in Muslim courts, including that of Saladin.

His younger brother Isaac II Angelos, was threatened with execution under orders of their first cousin once removed Andronicos I Comnenos on September 11, 1185. Isaac made a desperate attack on the imperial agents and killed their leader Stephanus Hagiochristophorites. He then took refuge in the church of Hagia Sophia and from there appealed to the populace. His actions provoked a riot, which resulted in the deposition of Andronicus I, and the proclamation of Isaac II Angelus as emperor. Alexius was now closer to the imperial throne than ever before.

By his marriage to Euphrosyne Doucaena Camaterina Alexios had three daughters:

Eirene Angelina, who married (1) Andronicus Contostephanus, and (2) Alexius Palaeologus, by whom she was the grandmother of Emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus. Anna Angelina, who married (1) the sebastokrator Isaac Komnenos, great-nephew of emperor Manuel I Comnenus, and (2) Theodore Lascaris, emperor of Nicaea. Eudocia Angelina, who married (1) King Stefan I Prvovenčani of Serbia, then (2) Emperor Alexius V, and (3) Leo Sgouros, ruler of Corinth.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexios_III_Angelos

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http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/III._Alexiosz_biz%C3%A1nci_cs%C3%A1sz%...

Alexius III Angelus, also spelled Alexios III Angelos (died 1211, Nicaea, Nicaean empire [now İznik, Turkey]), Byzantine emperor from 1195 to 1203. He was the second son of Andronicus Angelus, grandson of Alexius I. In 1195 he was proclaimed emperor by the troops; he captured his brother, the emperor Isaac II, at Stagira in Macedonia and had him blinded and imprisoned. Crowned in April 1195, Alexius III was a weak and greedy emperor, and his coup d’état had disastrous results. Byzantine prestige declined in the Balkans, where his failure to aid his son-in-law Stephen Prvovenčani (Stephen the First-Crowned) caused the latter to turn to the Bulgars for help. Campaigns against the Bulgars ended in defeat (1195 and 1196), and intrigues and diplomacy were equally unsuccessful because the new Bulgarian ruler, Kalojan, acknowledged the pope’s supremacy instead of that of Constantinople.

In 1203 the Fourth Crusade restored Isaac II and his son (crowned Alexius IV). Alexius III fled the capital with what treasure he could collect and escaped to Thrace. After an unsuccessful attempt to recover the throne, he wandered about Greece and surrendered to Boniface of Montferrat, then master of a great part of the Balkan Peninsula, but left his protection and sought shelter with Michael I, despot of Epirus. Finally, he went to Asia Minor, where his son-in-law Theodore Lascaris was holding his own against the Latins. Alexius, joined by the sultan of Iconium (modern Konya, Turkey), demanded Theodore’s crown and, when it was refused, marched against him. Taken prisoner by Theodore in 1211, Alexius was sent to a monastery at Nicaea, where he died.