Amalarico, rey de los visigodos

Amalaric, King of the Visigoths

• Rex Hispania
• Reign 522 - 531
• Predecessor Gesalec
• Successor Theudis
• Born 502
• Died c. 531 (29 years)
• Spouse Clotilde
• Father Alaric II
• Mother Theodegotha
• Religion later Arianism

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Biography

Amalaric, or in Spanish and Portuguese, Amalarico, (502 – 531) was a son of king Alaric II and of Theodegotho, daughter of Theodoric the Great and his first wife. Amalaric was himself king of the Visigoths from 526 till he was assassinated in 531.

He was a child when his father fell in battle against Clovis I, king of the Franks, in 507. Gesalec was chosen king and the child Amalaric was carried for safety into Hispania. After Gesalec was killed in 511, the country and Provence was thenceforth ruled by Amalaric's maternal grandfather, Theodoric the Ostrogoth, acting through his vice regent, Theudis, an Ostrogothic nobleman. In 522 the young Amalaric was proclaimed king, and four years later, on Theodoric's death, he assumed full royal power in Hispania and that part of Languedoc called Septimania, relinquishing Provence to his cousin Athalaric. He married Chrotilda, daughter of Clovis I; but his disputes with her, he being an Arian and she a Catholic, resulted in physical abuse of his wife who summoned her brother Childebert I to her rescue. Amalaric was defeated at Narbonne in 531 and retreated behind the walls of Barcelona, where he was assassinated by his own troops. Chrotilda made it to Narbonne, but died enroute to Paris.

Family

Relationships:

Parents:

• Father: Alaric II (b. 458), King of the Visigoths (484-507, d. Battle of Vouillé, late summer)
• Mother: Theodogotha / Thiudigotho the Ostrogoth

Half-sibling:

• Gesalic, King of the Visigoths (507 - 511, d. before 514 near the River Durance in Gaul)

Spouse:

• Chrothieldis/Clotilde of the Franks (d. 531 as a result of maltreatment by Amalric while living as his wife in Toulouse - an attempt to convert her by force to Arianism from Catholicism according to German Wikipedia; she passed away while being taken back to Paris; bur Paris, basilique des Saints-Apôtres, present église Sainte-Geneviève)

Basic Information:

Birth: 502 according to FMG and German Wikipedia, or 500 according to Spanish Wikipedia (no sources throughout article, unfortunately) - Probably in Toulouse.

Baptism: Unknown, but was an Arian Christian.

Marriage: 511 according to FMG, or 526 according to Spanish Wikpiedia, with Chrothieldis/Clotilde (probably at same time that he ascended as King of the Visigoths) - probably in Nabonne (capital after the death of his father, according to Genealogie Mittelalter).

Death: 531 - Barcelona (Murdered by his cousin Theudis, former governor under Theoderic, after fleeing from Battle of Narbonne fought against the Franks, who were carrying out a punitive war over King Childebert's sister's death)

Burial: Unknown

Occupation: Disputed King of the Visigoths (507-511), King of the Visigoths under Regency of Theoderic "the Great" of the Ostrogoths (511-526), King of the Visigoths, undisputed (526-531)

Alternate Names: Amalric, Amalaric, Amalarico, Amalaricus, Amalarich

From the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy Medlands page on Toulouse Kings, Dukes, and Counts:

http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/TOULOUSE.htm#_Toc225040395

ALARIC II ([458]-killed in battle Poitiers late summer 507).

• Iordanes names "Eurichus…filius Alarichus" when recording his succession after the death of his father[109]. He was elected to succeed his father at Toulouse 28 Dec 484 as ALARIC II King of the Visigoths.
• The main body of Visigoths entered Spain during his reign, largely resulting from military pressure from the Franks in the north[110].
• King Alaric II formed an alliance with the Ostrogoths and sent military help in 490 in support of Theodoric in his struggle with Odovacar King of Italy[111]. The alliance was later confirmed by King Alaric's marriage to King Theodoric's daughter.
• Faced with continuing Frankish military expansion, King Alaric met Clovis King of the Franks in 502 on an island in the Loire near Amboise and agreed the River Loire as the frontier separating the two kingdoms[112].
• He was responsible for compiling the Breviary Lex Romana Visigothorum, a Roman law-book, and supported a catholic church council at Agde in 506[113].
• He was defeated and killed by Clovis King of the Franks at the campus Vogladensis[114], probably Voulan, near Poitiers, athough this is popularly known as the battle of Vouillé[115], which marked the end of Visigothic authority over the territory around Toulouse. The Chronicon Albeldense records that “Alaricus” was killed by “Huduildus rex Francorum apud Pictavem” after reigning for 23 years[116]. The Chronica Regum Visigotthorum records that “Alaricus” reigned for 23 years[117].

m ([494][118]%29 THEODEGOTHA [Thiudigotho] the Ostrogoth, illegitimate daughter of THEODORIC I King of the Ostrogoths in Italy & his concubine ---.

• Iordanes names "unam…Thiudigoto et aliam Ostrogotho" as the two daughters of Theodoric born "ex concubina…in Moesia" before his marriage to Audofledis, specifying that they came to Italy and were married "unam Alarico Vesegotharum et aliam Sigismundo Burgundzonorum"[119]. Procopius records that “regi Visigothorum Alarico” married "Theoderici…Theudichusam virginem filiam"[120].

Mistress (1): ---. The name of King Alaric's mistress is not known.

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King Alaric II & his wife had one child:

a) AMALARIC (502-murdered Barcelona 531).

• Iordanes names "Amalricus" as the son of "Alarico Vesegotharum" & his wife[121]. Procopius records that the mother of “Amalricus” was "filiam Theoderici"[122].
• Gregory of Tours relates that Amalric, son of Alaric, escaped from the battle in which his father was killed and fled to Spain[123]. He succeeded his father in 507 as AMALARIC King of the Visigoths, challenged by his half-brother. After his father's defeat, only Arles and Carcassonne remained under Visigoth control in France.
• In Jun 508, King Amalaric's maternal grandfather Theodoric King of Italy arrived in France, relieved the siege of Arles, recaptured Marseille and re-established Visigoth hegemony over Septimania[124]. King Theodoric acted nominally as regent for King Amalaric, although he proclaimed himself King of the Visigoths in 511 after defeating King Gesalic.
• Amalaric was defeated by his brother-in-law Childebert King of the Franks at Narbonne in 531, and fled to Barcelona where he established his capital but was murdered soon after by his cousin Theudis. The Chronica Regum Visigotthorum records that “Amalaricus” reigned for five years[125].

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m (511) CHROTHIELDIS [Clotilde] of the Franks, daughter of CLOVIS I [Chlodovech] King of the Franks & his second wife Chrotechildis [Clotilde] of Burgundy (-531, bur Paris, basilique des Saints-Apôtres [later église Sainte-Geneviève]).

• Gregory of Tours refers to the marriage of the (unnamed) sister of the four brothers Theoderic, Chlodomer, Childebert and Lothar with Amalric King of the Visigoths, arranged after the death of their father, specifying that she was sent to Spain "with a great dowry of expensive jewellery"[126]. Procopius records that “rex…Visigotthorum Amalaricus” married "Regis Theodeberti sororem"[127].
• Gregory names her Clotilde in a later passage which records that she was maltreated by her husband, brought back to France by her brother King Childebert who attacked and defeated King Amalric, but died on the journey and buried in Paris beside her father[128].

King Alaric II had one illegitimate son by Mistress (1):

b) GESALIC (-murdered in Burgundy [511/12] or [513/14][129]).

• He was proclaimed as GESALIC King of the Visigoths in Narbonne in 507, in opposition to his infant half-brother. Isidor's Historia Gothorum, Wandalorum, Sueborum records that "Gisaleicus…regis [Alarici] filius ex concubina" succeeded as king of the Visgoths at Narbonne[130]. Procopius names “Giselicum, Alarici ex concubine filium” when recording his accession[131].
• He was defeated by the Ostrogoths in 510, was deposed and fled to Barcelona. The Chronicon Albeldense records that “Gesalaicus” was defeated at Narbonne by “Gundibado Burgundionem rege” and fled to Barcelona, from where he went “ad Africam Wandalis” for help which was refused, and that he was killed after returning to Barcelona “a duce Teuderici Italiæ regis” during the reign of Emperor Anastasius[132]. From Barcelona he fled to the Vandal court at Carthage, and was given resources to return and renew his resistance[133].
• He was eventually captured on his way to seek support from Gundobad King of Burgundy, and executed near the River Durance in Gaul by supporters of his half-brother King Amalric[134]. The Chronica Regum Visigotthorum records that “Geselicus” reigned for three years “et in latebra annum I alibi XV”[135].

References:

• [109] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, p. 122.
• [110] Payne, S. G. (1973) A History of Spain and Portugal, Volume 1 - Antiquity to the Seventeenth Century (University of Wisconsin Press), in the Library of Iberian Resources Online, consulted at http://libro.uca.edu/payne1/spainport1.htm (15 Dec 2002), Chapter 1, p. 9.
• [111] Wolfram, H. (1998) History Of The Goths (Berkeley, California), p. 309.
• [112] Gregory of Tours, II.35, p. 150 (undated), and García-Guijarro Ramos, L. 'Las invasions bárbaras en Hispania y la creación del Reino Visigodo', Álvarez Palenzuela, V. Á. (coord.) (2002) Historia de España de la Edad Media (Barcelona), p. 19, Wolfram (1998), p. 192.
• [113] Wolfram (1998), pp. 196-7 and 200-1, cited in Wood (1994), p. 47.
• [114] Gregory of Tours, II.37, pp. 153-4.
• [115] Wood (1994), p. 46.
• [116] Chronicon Albeldense 23, Patrologia Latina Vol. 129, col. 1134A.
• [117] Chronica Regum Visigotthorum, España Sagrada Tomo II, p. 172.
• [118] Wolfram (1998), p. 203.
• [119] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, p. 131.
• [120] Dindorf, W. (ed.) (1833) Procopius, Vol. II, Corpus Scriptorum Historiæ Byzantinæ (Bonn), De Bello Gothico I.12, p. 65.
• [121] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, p. 131.
• [122] Procopius, Vol. II, De Bello Gothico I.12, p. 67 (the Greek text specifies "του Θευδερίχου", wrongly transposed into the Latin text as "Alarici").
• [123] Gregory of Tours, II.37, p. 154.
• [124] García-Guijarro (2002), pp. 19-20.
• [125] Chronica Regum Visigotthorum, España Sagrada Tomo II, p. 173.
• [126] Gregory of Tours, III.1, p. 162.
• [127] Procopius, Vol. II, De Bello Gothico I.13, p. 69.
• [128] Gregory of Tours, III.10, p. 170.
• [129] Wolfram (1998), p. 245.
• [130] Isidori Historia Gothorum, Wandalorum, Sueborum 544, MGH Auct. ant. XI, p. 282.
• [131] Procopius, Vol. II, De Bello Gothico I.12, p. 67.
• [132] Chronicon Albeldense 24, Patrologia Latina Vol. 129, col. 1134A.
• [133] Wolfram (1998), p. 308.
• [134] Isidori Historia Gothorum, Wandalorum, Sueborum 544, MGH Auct. ant. XI, p. 282.
• [135] Chronica Regum Visigotthorum, España Sagrada Tomo II, p. 172.

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References

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdom
• http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalarico
• Ver reseña en wikipedia: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalarico

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalarico

Amalarico (c. 500 - 531). Rey de los visigodos (511 - 531), hijo de Alarico II y Teodegoda, hija de Teodorico, rey de los Ostrogodos.

Era un niño cuando su padre murió en batalla contra Clodoveo I el Grande, rey de los francos (507). Por su seguridad fue llevado a España, que -junto con la Provenza- eran por aquel entonces gobernadas por su abuelo materno, Teodorico el Grande, rey de los Ostrogodos.

El joven Amalarico fue proclamado rey en 522. Cuatro años después, a la muerte de Teodorico, fue coronado rey de los visigodos, cediendo la Provenza a su primo Atalarico. Se casó con Clotilde, hija de Clodoveo I, pero sus maltratos a ella con la excusa de ser él arriano y ella católica- condujeron a una invasión de los francos en cuyo transcurso, murió asesinado (531).

Regencia de Teodorico (511 - 526) [editar]

Amalarico primero gobernó bajo la regencia de su abuelo Teodorico, rey de los ostrogodos. Se sabe que éste exigía a los visigodos el pago de un tributo en grano que servía para abastecer a Roma. A cambio entregaba al reino visigodo un donativo anual. Aunque los impuestos recaudados eran importantes, Teodorico exigió que aumentaran hasta alcanzar los niveles de Eurico y Alarico II (que gobernaban sobre un territorio mayor). Se produjeron diversos actos injustos de los recaudadores ordinarios (exactores) y de los recaudadores de impuestos atrasados (compulsores), y se hizo habitual el uso de pesos falseados para medir los granos entregados. Las rentas de los dominios reales fueron aumentadas en exceso y los derechos aduaneros alcanzaron un nivel exagerado. En la misma época se sabe que los homicidios eran bastante corrientes y que la situación general era poco estable.

Parece ser que fue Teodorico quien estableció un nuevo tipo de tremisses (moneda), fabricado ya en cecas peninsulares, que no habían existido en tiempos del Imperio, a imitación de los cuales fabricaron sus monedas los borgoñones y francos, y que eran más fáciles de distinguir de las monedas bizantinas y cuyo peso y aleación eran buenos.

Hacia fines de su reinado Teodorico nombró comandante militar al ostrogodo Teudis, quien casó con una dama hispanorromana de gran riqueza (podía mantener un ejército privado de unos dos mil hombres), gracias a lo cual gobernó el país a su antojo, si bien no descuidó enviar a Italia el tributo anual.

Reinado de Amalarico (526 - 531) [editar]

Amalarico firmó un tratado con Atalarico, nieto y sucesor de Teodorico en Italia, en virtud del cual se fijaron los límites de ambos reinos y se anuló el tributo visigodo a los ostrogodos; la Provenza pasó a formar parte del imperio ostrogodo y se retiraron las guarniciones de éstos en la Península, quedando ambos reinos separados. El tesoro real visigodo le fue reintegrado. En virtud de los acuerdos con los ostrogodos, se fijaron definitivamente los límites de la provincia Narbonense (Gallia Narbonensis), llamada también Septimania o Gallia. Amalarico fijó su residencia en Narbona. En el año 526, Amalarico se casa con Clotilde, hija de Clodoveo, descendiente de los burgundios.

Nada más casarse comienza a maltratarla y vejarla, obligándola a bautizarse como arriana, aunque ella iba en secreto a la iglesia católica. Los merovingios atacaron el reino con la excusa de defender a su hermana, por lo que en un ataque de rabia, Amalarico la golpeó hasta matarla. Los francos tomaron la ciudad en el 531, provocando su huida a Barcino (Barcelona) donde murió asesinado. Le sucedió Teudis.

Amalaric, or in Spanish and Portuguese, Amalarico, (502 – 531) was a son of king Alaric II and of Theodegotho, daughter of Theodoric the Great and his first wife. Amalaric was himself king of the Visigoths from 526 till he was assassinated in 531.

He was a child when his father fell in battle against Clovis I, king of the Franks, in 507. Gesalec was chosen king and the child Amalaric was carried for safety into Hispania. After Gesalec was killed in 511, the country and Provence was thenceforth ruled by Amalaric's maternal grandfather, Theodoric the Ostrogoth, acting through his vice regent, Theudis, an Ostrogothic nobleman. In 522 the young Amalaric was proclaimed king, and four years later, on Theodoric's death, he assumed full royal power in Hispania and that part of Languedoc called Septimania, relinquishing Provence to his cousin Athalaric. He married Chrotilda, daughter of Clovis I; but his disputes with her, he being an Arian and she a Catholic, brought on him the penalty of a Frankish invasion by Childebert I, king of Paris. Amalaric was defeated at Narbonne in 531 and retreated behind the walls of Barcelona, where he was assassinated by his own troops.

Amalaric, or in Spanish and Portuguese, Amalarico, (502 – 531) was a son of king Alaric II and of Theodegotho, daughter of Theodoric the Great and his first wife. Amalaric was himself king of the Visigoths from 526 till he was assassinated in 531.

He was a child when his father fell in battle against Clovis I, king of the Franks, in 507. Gesalec was chosen king and the child Amalaric was carried for safety into Hispania. After Gesalec was killed in 511, the country and Provence was thenceforth ruled by Amalaric's maternal grandfather, Theodoric the Ostrogoth, acting through his vice regent, Theudis, an Ostrogothic nobleman. In 522 the young Amalaric was proclaimed king, and four years later, on Theodoric's death, he assumed full royal power in Hispania and that part of Languedoc called Septimania, relinquishing Provence to his cousin Athalaric. He married Chrotilda, daughter of Clovis I; but his disputes with her, he being an Arian and she a Catholic, brought on him the penalty of a Frankish invasion by Childebert I, king of Paris. Amalaric was defeated at Narbonne in 531 and retreated behind the walls of Barcelona, where he was assassinated by his own troops.

Ver reseña en wikipedia: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalarico

Nasceu em 506 e faleceu na tomada de Barcelona em 531, contra seus cunhados Childerico e Clotário, por querer impor à sua esposa a Religião Ariana, sendo ela Católica.

Na Wikipedia:

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalarico

References

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdom

11º REI VISIGODO da Espanha

Nasceu em 506 e faleceu na tomada de Barcelona em 531, contra seus cunhados Childerico e Clotário, por querer impor à sua esposa a Religião Ariana, sendo ela Católica.

Na Wikipedia:

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalarico

References

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdom