Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd

Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwaladr_ap_Gruffydd

Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd (c.1096 - 1172) was the third son of Gruffydd ap Cynan, King of Gwynedd, Wales and younger brother of Owain Gwynedd.

Cadwaladr had seven sons with three different wives;

Cadfan ap Cadwaladr (with first wife)

Cunedda ap Cadwaladr (with second wife)

Rhicert ap Cadwaladr (with second wife Alice de Clare)

Ralph ap Cadwaladr (with second wife)

Cadwgan ap Cadwaladr (with third wife Tangwystl)[1]

Maredudd ap Cadwaladr (with third wife)

Cadwallon ap Cadwaladr (with third wife)

Appearance in history

Cadwaladr first appears in the historical record in 1136, when following the killing of the lord of Ceredigion, Richard Fitz Gilbert de Clare, he accompanied his brother Owain Gwynedd in an invasion of Ceredigion. They captured five castles in the north of Ceredigion then later in the year launched a second invasion, inflicting a heavy defeat on the Normans at the Battle of Crug Mawr, just outside Cardigan. In 1137 they captured Carmarthen.

Gruffydd ap Cynan died in 1137 and was succeeded by Owain Gwynedd, his eldest surviving son. Cadwaladr was given lands in northern Ceredigion. Cadwaladr joined with Ranulph, Earl of Chester in the attack on Lincoln in 1141, when King Stephen of England was taken prisoner. This alliance was probably linked to Cadwaladr's marriage to Alice de Clare, daughter of Richard Fitz Gilbert de Clare. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Lincoln_(1141)

In 1143 Cadwaladr's men killed Anarawd ap Gruffydd of Deheubarth by treachery, apparently on Cadwaladr's orders. Owain Gwynedd responded by sending his son Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd to deprive Cadwaladr of his lands in Ceredigion. Cadwaladr fled to Ireland where he hired a fleet from the Danish settlement in Dublin and landed at Abermenai in 1144 in an attempt to force Owain to return his lands. Cadwaladr apparently abandoned or escaped from his allies and made peace with his brother, who obliged the Danes to leave.

In 1147 Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd and his brother Cynan drove Cadwaladr from his remaining lands in Meirionnydd. A further quarrel with his brother Owain led to Cadwaladr being driven into exile in England, where King Henry II later gave him lands at Hess in Shropshire.

Henry II's time

When Henry II invaded Gwynedd in 1157 the terms of the peace agreement between him and Owain Gwynedd included the stipulation that Cadwaladr should be given back his lands. From this time on Cadwaladr was careful to cooperate closely with his brother, helping him to capture Rhuddlan and Prestatyn castles in 1167.

Cadwaladr survived his brother by two years, dying in 1172. He was buried alongside Owain in Bangor Cathedral.

Fiction

Cadwaladr's attempt to reclaim his lands with the help of a Danish fleet in 1144 forms the background to The summer of the Danes by Ellis Peters in the Brother Cadfael series.

References

John Edward Lloyd (1911) The history of Wales from the earliest times to the Edwardian conquest (Longmans, Green & Co.)

Maximilian Genealogy

Dyddgu (Duddgu) ferch Robert

• Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd

born about 1096 Caernarvonshire, Wales

died March 1172

buried Bangor, Is Gwyrfai, Caernarvonshire, Wales

father:

• Gruffydd ap Cynan Prince of Gwynedd

born 1055 Dublin, Ireland

died 1137 Caernarvonshire, Wales

buried Bangor Cathedral, Is Gwyrfai, Caernarvonshire, Wales

mother:

• Angharad verch Owain of Tegaingl

born about 1065 Tegaingl, Flintshire, Wales

died 1162

married about 1082

siblings:

• Rhanullt verch Gruffydd born about 1083 Caernarvonshire, Wales
• Owain "Fawr" ap Gruffydd Prince of Gwynedd born about 1087 Caernarvonshire, Wales

died December 1169 Caernarvonshire, Wales

buried Bangor Cathedral, Is Gwyrfai, Caernarvonshire, Wales

• Susanna verch Gruffydd born about 1095 Caernarvonshire, Wales
• Gwenllian verch Gruffydd born about 1085 Aberffraw Castle, Caernarvonshire, Wales

died 1136 Battle of Maes?

• Yslani verch Gruffudd born about 1104 Caernarvonshire, Wales

Membyr "Ddu" ap Gruffydd born about 1114 Caernarvonshire, Wales

Rhael verch Gruffydd born about 1116 Caernarvonshire, Wales

Annes verch Gruffydd born about 1118 Caernarvonshire, Wales

• Margred verch Gruffydd born about 1120 Caernarvonshire, Wales

Tudwal ap Gruffydd born about 1122 Caernarvonshire, Wales

Elen verch Gruffydd born about 1089 Aberffraw Castle, Anglesey, Wales

Merinedd verch Gruffydd born about 1091 Aberffraw Castle, Anglesey, Wales

Cadwallon ap Gruffydd born about 1097 Caernarvonshire, Walesey, Wales died 1132

spouse:

• Alice (Adeliza) de Tunbridge (Clare)

born about 1102 Tunbridge Castle, Kent, England

died after 1148 England

or

• Gwerful verch Gwrgeneu (Gwrgan?)

born about 1097 Radnorshire, Wales

children:

• Richard ap Cadwaladr

born about 1150 Caernarvonshire, Wales

biographical and/or anecdotal:

notes or source:

LDS

research of S. E. Oman Salt Lake City

Historical Events: The First Crusade is the most documented of all the Crusades. Each Royal Court had its own historian, who told his Lord's story of conquest and adventure, emphasizing his Lord's actions and heroics. After the initial preaching of the Crusades in 1095, the actual movements of the Royal Armies did not start till 1096. In 1095, an unofficial Crusade was lead by a radical monk named Peter the Hermit. He preached the Crusades to the poor peasant fanatics, and collected a small army to pilgrimage to the Holy Lands ahead of the main army.

More on this Website >

• http://www.medievalcrusades.com/index.html

______________ See Peter Bartrum, http://cadair.aber.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/handle/2160/5055/bleddyn%... (December 23, 2016; Anne Brannen, curator)