Corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences Anatoly Andreyevich Gromyko

From http://www.mastera.tv/masters/gromyko/ (translated via Google Translate)

Anatoly Gromyko - biography

Airdate: March 17, 2010 (radio "Voice of Russia")

D. BERLIN: Dear friends, dear listeners, hello, this is the program "Master." At the microphone, Diana Berlin. And today I am particularly pleased to introduce you to our guest. Guest is very interesting. And I myself, and I envy you, within the next hour, you might discover some obscure facts and history. Because the man who now came with us, is able to generalize the present day, to look into the past and think about the future. There are very few people. Anatoly Gromyko today, our guest, hello, Anatoly Andreevich!

A. Gromyko: Hello, Diana Joseph!

D. BERLIN: I will say a few words about you, as it were, by presenting you our listeners, and then all subsequent time, we'll talk about you and only you. And about your family. Famous Russian and Soviet scientist, doctor of historical sciences, professor, corresponding member of Russian Academy of Sciences, has rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary first class, specialist in American studies, African studies and international relations. That's the main thing, right? And, I must tell you, dear listeners, that Anatoly Gromyko - the current scientist! Get out of the book, and listen to his opinion, and if you read the political magazines, interesting so far, causing our interest to you, and there, sure, you see the name of Anatoly A. Gromyko. Anatoly, please tell me you were headed by African Institute. And now it work?

A. Gromyko: Yes, there I Policy Center estimates ...

D. BERLIN: Here. Center policy assessments. How did your life in Africa?

A. Gromyko: It came into force on that when I worked at the Soviet Embassy in London, one of the areas of my study of international relations, was the policy of England in Africa. And then had to deal with a lot of Africa. Try to understand the strategy and tactics of British policy in Africa. And so I met this very interesting topic. Then I was always attracted to Africa because of the traditional African art. Which is strongly influenced by many artists. And in his time working director of the institute, apart from political work, I wrote a paper "The traditional art of tropical Africa. Masks and sculptures. " Which is now in stores to find, of course, impossible. In general, Africa has started for me with diplomatic work in London. Then, when I returned to the Soviet Union, I was invited by the Director of the Institute of Africa, a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Solodovnikov Vasily, to work there and lead the sector's foreign policy. I agreed, spent two years there, but my research interests then were mainly associated with America, after all. And Georgy Arbatov Abramovich after the director of the Institute of USA and Canada, he invited me, after all, he also worked in U.S. foreign policy chief of department. Well, I reluctantly agreed, and went to work at the Institute of USA and Canada. Where he worked for a long time. That's about teaching the evolved my career.

D. BERLIN: It is very interesting, because I was surprised, knowing that you know very well the English language? And you lived in America. Where is your father worked, and suddenly - Africa. Where are all the more, the economy, politics.

A. Gromyko: The thing is that after the institution of Africa, I went to work abroad. And when I worked in Berlin, was also a moment in my life when I was West Berlin, called the vice-president of the Academy of Sciences Peter N. Fedoseev, and said that the presidium of the Academy of Sciences formed an opinion that the departure of Solodovnikova practical work (he went as ambassador to Zambia), they asked me to agree to lead this institution. I was somewhat surprised by this suggestion that I still remember it, at the Academy of Sciences, agreed, but on condition that the vote will be held at the Institute and the Academy of Sciences several stages of secret voting, where research teams define their relationship to the person who must take a position. Voting took place at the Institute of Africa at a meeting, and staff voted overwhelmingly for my candidacy, I felt the support, I knew, of course, many out there. My nomination was due to the fact that, after that, when left Solodovnikov, it so happened, there was developed a fairly tough fight between the zamami. And there was a stalemate, groups were formed at the institute, and so on and so forth, which often happens in research teams. And in order to defuse the situation, felt that I could combine the efforts of the team.

D. BERLIN: And you joined ...

A. Gromyko: And come to the institute in Africa. I agreed. Came the vote took place, including the department of the Academy, then at a general meeting of academicians and corresponding member of the voting was. I supported it. And, at the time, especially the Academy of Sciences was the most democratic, I think an institution in our country, because everything was decided on the basis of this democratic procedures. The Academy of Sciences can not be elected if you do not support the majority, and in some cases, two thirds of the members of the Academy. Only then can you walk out there and become a correspondent member and academician, director of the institute ...

D. BERLIN: Anatoly, you were born in Belarus. Yeah?

A. Gromyko: Yes, in the town of Borisov.

D. BERLIN: In the town of Borisov. You all already know, of course, naturally, a namesake, but really the son of Andrei Gromyko. Person to whom we owe so many, a man who left an indelible mark in the history of the Russian state, and in the history of Russian diplomacy. Probably, and I may say so. That is, you - Hereditary diplomat, is not it?

A. Gromyko: I did, I guess. Hereditary scholar and diplomat. Why do I put in the first place a scientist ...

D. BERLIN: I wonder ...

A. Gromyko: Yes, because my father, because he was not only a diplomat, although he gained the greatest popularity, and Andrei was also a scholar, economist, doctor of economic sciences, defended his doctoral degree from the University of Moscow, if I remember changing. And, in general, he wrote a number of fundamental works. He several times offered to run the Academy, but he refused, believing that if you're on such a practice is very difficult, after all, work as Minister of Foreign Affairs of work, then work simultaneously at the Academy of Sciences is quite difficult. But not all think so, of course, many practices, all the same, too, elected to the Academy. This often is justified. And, of course, our Academy, and now even Russia, we need people with practical experience. But my father did not become a run for the Academy. My father had a certain charisma, he made an impression on a lot of people who interacted with nm. He sat by the way, in one room, there was a time, along with Notkin. This is the famous letter to Comrade Stalin Notkin, remember, perhaps? And when he was invited by Komarov, then president of the Academy of Sciences, he offered him the post of scientific secretary of the Far Eastern Branch of the Academy of Sciences. But, for several reasons, Andrei refused. Because the ride so far, over 11 thousand miles, after you've just got to Moscow, he was honored frivolous. And he believed that he still needed to gain experience.

D. BERLIN: And it was fashionable to give up?

A. Gromyko: No, but if he was offered at a different level, maybe he would not mind. But, after all, the president of the Academy of Sciences, Komarov, it's not that failed, he said: "I need time to think." And then it so happened that the father was summoned to the commission, when he came to the commission, obviously it was a committee of the central committee of the party, here VKPP. And there he saw a Molotov, Malenkov, and several other leaders of our own. And then there was a selection in the diplomatic service. Because - well, what? It was the 39th year in the summer or maybe spring. At that time, in our country, I believe, occurred the tragic events connected with the 37th year, in violation of socialist legality, the persecution of people, and, in general, it has touched the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and well, the ministry required an infusion. New staff. So, at the Commission, therefore, the father made an impression at all, because he already knew by the time the English ...

D. BERLIN: But how? Here is how?

A. Gromyko: He was a postgraduate student, he began postgraduate studies in Minsk. Then, he was director of the school.

D. BERLIN: At the time, few people knew it!

A. Gromyko: In Borisov, he was director of the school.

D. BERLIN: That, in Borisov.

A. Gromyko: In other words, you know, to me, in general, something a little bit uncomfortable to say so, after all, is my father, but he certainly was a unique personality so that at a young age, and gave the impression of a very knowledgeable and intelligent man. And the commission, after he called the book, in particular, the well-known American economist Stuart Chase, "A poor country. A rich country. " It's about America. He was impressed. Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov liked. And was recommended some time to work in the Commissariat for Foreign Affairs, at the time, where he took over as head of the United States. And, just in 2-3 months, he was offered a ride to work in the United States. But not after. Many people think that the father immediately went to the U.S. ambassador. This is not the case. In the 39th year, after a talk with him in the Kremlin, Stalin took it. Which is controlled in our country almost all the time, he said that we send you to America not for a year, not two, but probably more for you to give an objective assessment of the right of the U.S. position in international affairs. And in domestic affairs. Tutu situation was very complicated because it has been brewing for the Soviet-Finnish war. Cleaved very difficult security situation in our country in Europe, where brewing is, of course, the fascist aggression. And all this made us a very important idea that will make the U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's in this situation. So, in the 39th year, as I remember, when I was 7 years old, through Romania, and then through the Balkans and Italy, the Italian ship "Rex". We swam in the United States. In New York City.

D. BERLIN: So, where was your childhood, practically?

A. Gromyko: Yes, in fact, from 7 to 16 years, I grew up and studied in the United States of America. This country seems to me, I know. And not bad. So it seems to me, anyway. And then, here's my passion for American Studies, was due to the fact that, after all, I moved here in this life, when the Soviet-American relations have often been the topic of conversation in our family. Well, in the 41st year the war started ...

D. BERLIN: You know, here you can, I'm sorry, I'm interrupting you. I have two problems. 41st year. The war begins. Naturally, I was getting ready for our meeting, and realized that your family was seriously damaged during World War II.

A. Gromyko: Very much!

D. BERLIN: You, your family, there were guerrillas, right?

A. Gromyko: Younger brother of Andrei Andreyevich - Dmitri, was a member of the guerrilla movement. He told me that he once narrowly escaped in a haystack, when the Germans were looking for guerrillas. And their supporters, all sorts of policemen. He miraculously escaped, and they checked with their bayonets, here it is ... hay. Is there anyone out there. But here he was not touched. And so he, in general, survived. A senior ... And the two brothers, Andrew A. died in World War II. On the Great Patriotic War. Alex and Fedor. Alex died at Smolensk, and Theodore in the Baltic. With the release of the Baltic states.

D. BERLIN: So, is generally at the end of the war. Perhaps the most vexing.

A. Gromyko: Well, in general, can be ... Well, in general, they both died in the war. And his mother, then when I saw it already, she told her father that "God saved you, Andrew, and you're the only one who stayed with me."

D. BERLIN: Maybe for him to fulfill this mission. That he was so honored and fulfilled. But, please tell me, last year we celebrated the birthday of Andrei Andreyevich Gromyko. Of course, it was just popular. And in magazines and on radio and television. You were born in Belarus.

A. Gromyko: Yes.

D. BERLIN: Russia - Russia is not. This is an independent country. As it celebrates the anniversary?

A. Gromyko: It is very well marked. At the home of Andrei Andreyevich - and it is the birthplace of Gomel oblast, the village of Old Gromyki, there is a New and Old Gromyki strongly affected by the Chernobyl disaster, unfortunately, the birthplace of his father - the village of Old Gromyki covered a very strong radiation. Because not all of the Gomel oblast is equally exposed to radiation, there are places where large amounts of radiation fell, and there are places where you can live quite well. But here, unfortunately, these places, so I was there recently and last summer, and went there to the village, watching the place where the house was a hut. Where my father grew up. Saw the school building, where his father had studied. It has survived, though, is, of course, in poor condition, survived only because it is - a very well made it was a brick building. They are still worth it. And he's there. There are well marked. There is a small museum was created, the memory of Andrei Andreyevich.

D. BERLIN: You have been invited, of course?

A. Gromyko: I was invited, along with our entire family went with me my sons there. And my sister, Emily Andreyevna, and my nephew Andrew. We are there very well have been taken, there's a lot I had to act as the eldest of our family. I offered to speak, including the opening of a large park is very beautiful. Named in honor of Andrei Gromyko. There is a monument to him stands a bust on a pedestal, too, from my point of view, very good.

D. BERLIN: That is, if a person - it is a person. Regardless of the decay of political change tunings, probably so.

A. Gromyko: In our history, our history, the history of Tsarist Russia and Soviet Russia and modern Russia, I think the history of a single, in the sense that our history is made up of past, present and future. The future - it is not history, but our idea of ​​where could continue to develop our life. And I think that understanding what is happening in our country is possible only if we appreciate the history of this in a unified manner. Not throwing out her long periods, because in each period, and in Tsarist Russia and Soviet Russia and modern Russia is both light and shadow. There were lights and shadows. This multi-faceted story. It is no worse and no better than the history of many other countries. In particular, and leading countries of Western Europe, the United States of America. This is the story, of course, very difficult at times - is tragic. But this is our, our history. And we have stories of how my father used to say, in order to understand events and to evaluate them properly, he had a saying: "From the history you can not jump." In general, we live in ... The times are not chosen.

D. BERLIN: Yes ... "They live and die ..."

A. Gromyko: ... "and die" ... You also know that ...

D. BERLIN: Of course ...

A. Gromyko: I often find myself thinking that in order to understand the story, not what is right, but at least, as you know it, try to be objective, must necessarily be based on knowledge and attitudes specific to time in which this story is developing. Otherwise, from the perspective of today, much of our past is difficult to understand. Especially if you are - a young man. And, except for the last 15-20 years do not remember.

D. BERLIN: That's the way it turns out. Well, today we are not talking about it, we are only talking about you, I remind you that today our guest Anatoly Gromyko. Now, let me say to our listeners, just for those who traces its history the last 15-20 years. Perhaps not everyone knows that you have written the book. It is not a book! And some of them have become bestsellers. Yeah?

A. Gromyko: Steel.

D. BERLIN: Steel, indeed! For example, "A thousand thirty-six days in the life of President Kennedy," And just - "President Kennedy." Yeah?

A. Gromyko: Yes. This is my book.

D. BERLIN: There, "Foreign Policy of the United States of America. Lessons and reality. " In the 60s-70s came out this book. "The conflict in southern Africa." This is also your book "The international dimension. Africa. Progress. Difficulties. Prospects. " Only one of the names ... "The new thinking in the nuclear age." That such a book. Which, incidentally, came out already in the 84th year! When the policy of our country there has been some other bias! 84th year - is already ... But, of course, it was not a reconstruction of more ...

A. Gromyko: ... a ghost ...

D. BERLIN: ... already gone, yes.

A. Gromyko: ... wandering ghost of democracy.

D. BERLIN: Already roamed the Soviet Union.

A. Gromyko: In our country, of course.

D. BERLIN: Well, and a breakthrough in cooperation with American scientists.

A. Gromyko: Yes ...

D. BERLIN: books were a lot!

A. Gromyko: Yes.

D. BERLIN: And I would like to say how the information for your consideration, dear listeners. Anatoly Gromyko - State Prize Winner, winner of the Italian Academy "Simba", winner of the prize Vorovsky. In the field of journalism, right?

A. Gromyko: Yes.

D. BERLIN: Also you are a member of the Malagasy Academy of Sciences (the island of Madagascar), a member of the Royal Academy (Morocco), Honorary Doctor of the University of Leipzig, a member of the Academy of Political Sciences of Russia, of course, the president of the Center policy assessments, a member of the Board of Governors of the center "for global dialogue Cyprus ". Here we will stop. Cyprus. Is it true that it is on this island, you begin to paint?

A. Gromyko: It is true.

D. BERLIN: Tell us! Why not? How?

A. Gromyko: Well, there was another sharp turn in my life, he, however, was caused by the unpleasant circumstances, because in the 92nd year of the last century, I have "suffered a" heart attack. Very unexpected for me. Because I played tennis, I was always like that, the man who gave the sport a lot of attention. In tennis playing well. As a rule, the beer we used to play with friends and acquaintances, and I usually win beers. Once even won a crate of beer. In general, I am very fond of tennis. And felt the site properly. But then it happened, for some reason, I'm not going to go into medicine. I had a heart attack. And the doctors told me that, "Anatoly A.! - After it has healed infarction, resuscitation, hospital, I was told - Mr. A.! If you do not go away from that, quite difficult for the cores, climate, what is the climate of Moscow, with the rapid changes in temperature, with sharp pressure, it can happen to your health disaster! ". And I recommend to go to a warm Mediterranean climate. Well, it was very unexpected, because it meant that I had to resign as director of the Institute of Africa, which I did. And then, on the recommendation of the doctors left, and by invitation, in fact, the Government of Cyprus, I went to live and vacation on Cyprus. There I read some lectures, but mostly, of course, where I regained my health, in particular, I stayed there for several years, even longer. Due to the fact that in the 94th year, after all, I had to do heart surgery. And we made it a wonderful surgeon Akchurin, who operated and Boris Yeltsin, and by the way he operated Chernomyrdin, too, I learned this way. And there was, of course, our best surgeon. And now he, too, I have to Yeltsin, of course, did the operation. I must tell you that after the 94-year, for 16 years, I feel very good.

D. BERLIN: Pah-pah-pah. Great!

A. Gromyko: heart surgery, bypass surgery was, and all that. But, since I'm not a young girl, and I have nothing to hide, then, in general, I went through a very complex operation. But the result is completely regained his health, and for nearly 10 years working at full speed as before.

D. BERLIN: Yes. But a picture?

A. Gromyko: Pictures ... You know, there, of course, Cyprus, Well, I was not doing so. As in Moscow. Or, in the diplomatic service. I got plenty of spare time. Plus, Cyprus - a country where a lot of sun. Where the sea and the beautiful nature of this ... I think, in fact, Central Russia our nature ... on the Central Russian Upland very good, of course, nature. Our beautiful Russian countryside, suburbs, I have not seen, though, has traveled half the globe. So, there is, after all, so much of the sun, what is missing, of course, in Moscow, so much heat and so I had free time, I tried my hand at painting. And it came out very funny. My daughter, Anya, in a school in England participated in the contest for the children's drawings. Then there was the exhibition, and she was invited to exhibit. But she told me that "if you're not exposed, - and there could be exhibited, and parents - I will not participate in the exhibition." That she was afraid for some reason, to participate without my participation. I agreed. Immediately bought paint. Some brochures that explained the basics of any art, and I made a still life.

D. BERLIN: And before that you drew?

A. Gromyko: Prior to this, I almost did not write. But as I am from the memoirs of Andrei Andreyevich knew my grandfather, father, Andrew A., and paternal grandfather, Andrew Matveevich, he was able to draw well.

D. BERLIN: That's genetics! There is no escape!

A. Gromyko: He drew figures of animals to children in the village. He loved to paint with a pencil sometimes. And he did it pretty well. It may be genetically inherited by me these abilities. Now I am a member of the Russian Union of Artists.

D. BERLIN: But you have exhibited paintings and abroad?

A. Gromyko: You know, they were in Cyprus, but such tiny, after all. And I was settling down there, once or twice its exhibition. But, basically, I was already 5-6 times of the exhibition here in our country, including in the Central House of Artists. There are very good articles by some of our critics. And, in general, I'm somewhere in here for this time while I was in Cyprus, has written more than a hundred paintings by painting ... I wrote the oil. And then moved on to other forms of painting, but, in general, mainly oil, I write.

D. BERLIN: Very interesting! It is, indeed, Chicane.

A. Gromyko: But I have brought you the album, but somehow did not realize it. The next time will give you the album.

D. BERLIN: Absolutely! Thank you! If you will show, that's interesting.

A. Gromyko: The exhibition is sure to be, because after two and a half years, marks my 80th anniversary. Of course, I hope to meet him!

D. BERLIN: Yes, of course.

A. Gromyko: In good health. Of course, I organize my exhibition. Solid, try to put all of his paintings. Moreover, I have a number of museums have asked, obviously, I'll give them a number of museums. In general, you must have been something to do with them. Although some of my paintings have gone, if I may say so, I gave them. And abroad, granted, and here we have in Moscow. But in view of the fact that I am now heading the Centre for policy assessments, and, besides, I am the president of "For a new world order and democracy in support of the United Nations", I tell you frankly. Over the last 6-7 years, I wrote a few canvases. This is for me, if not a tragedy, it is very sad phenomenon. But I always give myself the word. What I'll start with the same energy to write again.

D. BERLIN: Perhaps it makes sense to go to Cyprus? For a while!

A. Gromyko: You know, no. Change is a place of residence, and somewhere to go ...

D. BERLIN: No, no, no! In any case.

A. Gromyko: No, we go to Cyprus sometimes. Because we are accustomed, in general, to this wonderful place.

D. BERLIN: Yes, a wonderful island!

A. Gromyko: We really like the Cypriots. And then I'm familiar with many Cypriot politicians and ministers of foreign affairs. President Clerides and I met at a reception. In general, we took it very well. But, of course, we lived there for my account. They lived through all kinds of efforts. Individual.

D. BERLIN: Anatoly, you know, I have one question and I apologize in advance if he will, perhaps, not very sensitive. Do not want to - just do not answer. Your grandmother is buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery. Andrei Gromyko, of course, the man who, for all profiles, was to be buried near the Kremlin wall. But he is buried at Novodevichy Cemetery, next to his mother. It was his will?

A. Gromyko: None. It was the will of Lydia Dmitrievna - my mom's and mine. With me as his son and, obviously, with his sister, though, on this subject we are not talking Emily Andreyevna, my mother consulted on this bill. I had one opinion that the father should be buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery. But not at the Kremlin wall. Why not? I explain. Because I knew his father. I knew that my father had great respect for the Russian Orthodox Church. I know that his mother was a deeply religious woman. And this, of course, her son, Andrew is very much affected.

D. BERLIN: There's even a cross on the grave of worth! In those days!

A. Gromyko: Here we would like with my mother that my father was buried at the cemetery. But not at the Kremlin wall. Where to, well, actually, that's true of Christian graves and no. But in the Kremlin wall - it can not approach, and though we did of course, and had no idea how everything will turn out ... In particular, with respect to the Red Square. But I somehow felt this instinctively ... I can not say that there is unworthy of a place for burial, there is certainly a lot of decent people. Well all the list! I even do not speak of those who is buried in the Mausoleum itself, but in the Kremlin wall. There is a lot of heroic individuals who belonged to our people. Not as leaders, as well as workers. And our heroes. So, but I still very happy that we buried my father at the Novodevichy Cemetery. There, buried, and my mom. The grave, so to speak, together. Father and mother. Well, somehow it is a human right?

D. BERLIN: Yes. Such a generic.

A. Gromyko: Then, near the Lyubov Orlova was buried, that we were friends. Lydia's father and friends with Gregory D. Aleksandrov and Lyubov Orlova. Our favorite actress in the popular movie.

D. BERLIN: That is exactly my next question!

A. Gromyko: We're with her, even walking, that's on the outskirts of Vnukovo. I sunk it in the memory.

D. BERLIN: It was a beautiful, tell me? You see, like this ...

A. Gromyko: Well, you know, when Lyubov Orlova was, of course, well, a very beautiful woman, well, yet it is known. But, of course, she was already advanced in years. And, of course, say that it was here ... But she played a lot of time! You remember, I guess. She has been actively playing in theaters. She is acquainted with the plays, which I translated. And at that time. In my youth, energy, as they say, was more than enough, I translated some of the play, in order not to forget English. And I have translated this play "Teahouse of August Moon." This is a satire on the American occupation of Okinawa. Well, so, I would say that this satire. But this is very attractive, it is so sparkling. With humor with a lot. And when I turned it all, I love this play gave Orlova, and Chirkov gave this play. And the director, this to our well-known as Anatoly Akimov from Leningrad made this play ... I had hoped that it will deliver, after all. I wanted to put this piece in his translation. Moreover, I really liked. And there was such a character was Sakina, on which much rests on this play. And it just wanted to play Orlov. She said it was amazing, very interesting image. Humor is pouring out there, as a spray of champagne. Sparkles, or rather, do not shed, and sparkling humor, as a spray of champagne. And she wanted to play. But, you know, did not pass this material in any of the theaters.

D. BERLIN: Why?

A. Gromyko: But because Boris Chirkov me very vividly told, when I came to him for the answer already. Well, we all loved. Actor. He says, "Anatoly! You know - he says - I liked the play. But Americans have such good does not represent. " That such a phrase was spoken.

D. BERLIN: I see.

A. Gromyko: It's me, of course, jarred, I was not up to his ears the whole time in those Cold War attitudes. But it is characteristic that Andrei has supported me. Here, my intention to move, and maybe even put this play. And he said that he saw it abroad, it is a very good satire. That he was a man.

D. BERLIN: And you did not use the influence of his father? Maybe it was necessary to make a call?

A. Gromyko: You know, in many ways you can use. But, somehow, in my youth, I did not take much effort. Because the primary was for me the process of translation of this play. Then I have another translated. Play. "Sow wind - reap storm." It's about the difficulties with which the Darwinian doctrine of evolution in the United States met in many schools. Because it was believed that Darwinian doctrine, it undermines faith in religion. Faith in God, and all that. In the U.S., and still create an understanding of the world as a world created by someone. By God. Creationist approach, it is perhaps even prevails over the evolution. Here's the play I also translated, I do not remember why, but it is also not set. Although, maybe she went somewhere and then, because this play was already a social orientation. At this point, as they say, do not undermine what the Americans out there - good or bad.

D. BERLIN: How interesting! Wow! So interesting to do everything you tell! After all, we, the ordinary common people of the Soviet Union was a clear feeling that the sons, generally the children of these men, right? That make up the government, are simply "the green light." In all areas, wherever they are not asked! And you had some difficulties?

A. Gromyko: You know, this opinion, I think, it is not quite correct. Why not? Because I'll be talking about his case.

D. BERLIN: Of course ... I think you have a specific example ...

A. Gromyko: I graduated from the Institute of International Relations.

D. BERLIN: Yes, and indeed with honors.

A. Gromyko: I have a diploma was one or two estimates are good, all the other "excellent". Although the children were very well-known diplomats. Of course, I will not mention their names. But they are from the Institute of International Relations, even deducted. Not to mention the fact that they stayed for the second year. That is, some concessions MGIMO faculty children of famous parents did not give. I'm with that, anyway, was not acquainted. And I certainly would. But here's my particular case. When I graduated from MGIMO, I had already decided to finish and graduate. In all like to take the example of his father. He was also a candidate, and science. And I went to graduate school and graduated from it. And, already protected his first book. At that time there was such an opinion, a decision that must be protected or bound pages and some chubby dissertation, published in five copies, and preferably of the book. Have already been published. That was then a period in the 57th year. And, when I defended my thesis, then, as time was positive that I published my book on the topic of the thesis. A book I had, "the U.S. Congress. Elections. Organization. Powers. "

D. BERLIN: It's how old were you?

A. Gromyko: I was at the time 22 - 23 years. But I wrote this book because I did not agree with what we have been taught for parliaments in the capitalist countries. I have this question did not say at meetings, but I just do not agree with was the fact that, as we were taught when the state law, many ... some teachers said that in bourgeois parliaments talking only to inflate the common people. And my view was quite different. That bourgeois parliaments, political institutions are strong, and they certainly work for a society that in which they were created, but it is a very serious working bodies. And by the way, Lenin, in one of his articles, said that the parliaments are doing serious work. But not in the plenary and in committees. That's why I made the circuit of the committee of the U.S. Congress. And then this book is in great demand.

D. BERLIN: Maybe now it makes sense to reprint this book? To her honored ...

A. Gromyko: You know, now, no book - it is well known. And in libraries, obviously, it can get, but now it is simply not the strength. Because I have other ideas! And then I got into all the topics you correctly informed me that I wrote a book about U.S. President John Fitzgerald Kennedy. This figure also seemed to me very interesting. And especially after President Kennedy delivered his speech at American University, where he spoke about the need to consider all the consequences of nuclear war. In general, the meaning was limited to that. What we have with the Soviet Union have, as far as possible, a normal relationship. The meaning of this was limited. Perhaps these words were not. But he warned of the dangers of nuclear war. And he did it so long before his death. So I decided, after his speech, that I simply must write a book about him. And was surprised to find that the books in the Soviet Union about President Kennedy, no. And then I wrote the book "A thousand thirty-six days of President Kennedy." In some ways, copying the famous American historian Arthur Schlesinger, who wrote a fundamental work, "A Thousand Days of President Kennedy." And I thought to myself, but how could it be that the person was the president of a thousand days? His death was in Dallas on the day of th ... And found that no! President Kennedy was president in 1036 days! And I decided to call it a book. The book was published "Politizdat." They signed a contract with me. And it was published, for me anyway, a surprisingly large circulation of 200,000 copies. And all were quickly sold out. And then another print additional 100,000.

D. BERLIN: reprinted.

A. Gromyko: And at that time, I was told to crush our book, my book, however, competed for the sale on the black market, if we say so openly, with a memoir of our outstanding military leader Marshal Zhukov. I'm not comparing his book with memoirs Zhukov, in any case, but, nevertheless, by popularity, she was then very popular.

D. BERLIN: But if you already touched on this subject, I must tell you, once again, preparing for our meeting, I looked at the estimated book-lovers, and according to those people who are really trying to get the book at all possible black markets, Your book, the book broke our commander.

A. Gromyko: Maybe ...

D. BERLIN: As it happened, it's a fact. Here it can not escape it.

A. Gromyko: Yes. Yes.

D. BERLIN: I think today it is also interesting.

A. Gromyko: Diana Joseph! I agree with you, but you know, unfortunately, I did not become financially secure because of this book. Why not? We then had a bad practice. Paid for the printing sheet.

D. BERLIN: Yes. Generally, copyright ...

A. Gromyko: But not for circulation. And then my comrades from the publishers, "Politizdat," said why they are such a draw for my book done. Because, first of all, they liked it. It was written, so ... quite readable. Easy accessible language. Was calculated for the general reader. I knew it even then. And he wrote my book in a language so that it could read not only by scientists, historians, and so on and so forth. And it was published edition, here, 200, and then another 100,000 copies. Because many of the circulation of party leaders, in particular, I was told from a distance, "George Gheorghiu-Dej." It was the leader of the ...

D. BERLIN: Romania ...

A. Gromyko: Romania at the time, yes. And, you know, the kind the Talmud, so I do not know why, but they have not sold out. The people did not buy them.

D. BERLIN: We and the "Little Earth" lay.

A. Gromyko: I'm just saying how it was. And they went under the knife. And the publisher has suffered significant losses. Due to the fact that this kind of book sold poorly. And they let my book is very cool. But! I made then, to be honest, this fee, I was able to buy my first "Volga".

D. BERLIN: That's all.

A. Gromyko: That's all. Because I'm not, not all, but somewhere I've earned about 12 thousand rubles. In those days, it is very decent money.

D. BERLIN: No, it is very decent money!

A. Gromyko: But the "Volga" was worth while, if I remember correctly, seven thousand two hundred. Something is still left, but for family life. But, now, would, of course, writing a book, you can earn several hundred thousand dollars. This is a huge difference!

D. BERLIN: If only it now from afar, Anatoly, you know, I have two more questions, if you can.

A. Gromyko: Please.

D. BERLIN: The first question. Whom you can call their teachers - the Masters? Of course, first of all, I understand, Gromyko. Still, who else?

A. Gromyko: You know, I have the most good memories of the faculty at MGIMO. MGIMO gave excellent education. We were even allowed the formation of political doctrines of foreign countries. That is, perhaps, at the time of MGIMO was the only institution where he taught not only to Marxism-Leninism. A teaching and other items that give perspective on the development of the world, not only from the standpoint of classical Marxism, if I may say so, and it was even difficult for me to single out! I always take the example of Professor Durdinevskogo. This was our expert on international law, it took all of the conference. Andrei greatly appreciate it. But mostly, he worked for 50 years. It was quite an elderly man. And by the way, in my defense is very well made and supported me for the degree of Candidate of Legal Sciences. I have two degrees. Candidate of Legal Sciences and Doctor of Historical Sciences. Of the people from whom I learned a lot, I must say that it is Anatoly Dobrynin. Our legendary diplomat. Ambassador to the United States for almost a quarter century. It I had to learn ... This was a very happy, and now work with him, working with diplomats at that time known as Yuli Vorontsov. He worked as a minister-counselor at the Dobrynin. In Washington, DC. And, of course, Alexander the Immortals. Who later became foreign minister who now heads a foreign association with which we continue to work together. Conduct joint round tables and conferences. I, as president of the motion, which I described to you. I'm here, after all, I think that here, in diplomacy, Andrei, Dobrynin, Vorontsov and Immortals definitely influenced me as a feed some hope young diplomat.

D. BERLIN: And your family, now you have two sons, a daughter, a trade diplomat's going on in your family?

A. Gromyko: Yes. My eldest son, Igor, he went on a diplomatic path. And it works, and worked in Australia, and in Armenia and in the central office ...

D. BERLIN: How interesting! With a name like that?

A. Gromyko: And now, I guess I will not say where he works, maybe it's useless, that he even says. Also, in general, it works a diplomat. My youngest son - Alex, he went down the path of the scientist. And when he said: "Why do not you become like your grandfather, a diplomat?" He says, "So I went to his academic path." And he is so fond of science, that much I can tell you in confidence if it is possible to say in such a transfer, he was a diplomat in the offer to drive one of our embassies in a very high position. He refused the offer. I praised him, I say, "Right. Focus on science. " Because, actually, no offense to diplomacy will be a mentioned, this is an extremely interesting work, though, and very heavy. Scientific work, from my point of view, the most interesting. It makes the most of opportunities to think creatively.

D. BERLIN: A daughter?

A. Gromyko: A daughter, my daughter, she ... My daughter, no, it is not science, and not diplomacy, Anya, she does far more important than my sons. It raises our granddaughter.

D. BERLIN: That's true, it is most important!

A. Gromyko: granddaughter Valya Valya, named in honor of my wife and my wife we ​​live together Valentina O. for 43 years. So, here's ...

D. BERLIN: Great! See what roots!

A. Gromyko: I think the most important thing that busy people on the ground, mainly, of course, women, and a deep bow to them, it is growing and raising children. And it would be a tragedy if we have weak, unfortunately, this is happening, the institution of the family.

D. BERLIN: Yes, yes. It's true. But in your family, of course, preserved the tradition, preserved roots and honored. That is, of course, low bow. That's what should bow. Thank you very much. I have one more question that I ask all of our guests, the heroes of the "Masters". All respond to it differently. Do you think the Master Margherita need?

A. Gromyko: The question, of course, is not easy, but it seems to me unnecessary. We need, metaphorically speaking, Margaret, though it is a very complex way, he and the mystical. This is not only a real woman, this is such a mysterious woman. But, I think Margaret is needed. Because Marguerite - is the embodiment, for a man who is fond of, after all, a woman ... It helps that he does everything with enthusiasm. You know, life is almost nothing you can do so without enthusiasm. The challenges of the case are made with enthusiasm. Well, without my Margaret, real, or a mystic, to do anything in life without enthusiasm is very difficult.

D. BERLIN: Thank you. Thank you very much! It was Anatoly Gromyko. The famous Soviet and Russian scientist, doctor of historical sciences, professor, corresponding member of Russian Academy of Sciences, if you listened to our program, you learn more and our guest, and the whole family of the legendary diplomat Andrei Gromyko. And you know, my dear friends, dear listeners throughout the hour, Anatoly, I have not stopped thinking. One of the sayings Andrei Andreyevich, which seems to me that today is very important to remember everything, absolutely - diplomats, prominent public figures, just ordinary people in his life, in everyday life: "Better 10 years of negotiations than one day of war." The truth?

A. Gromyko: It is perfectly true.

D. BERLIN: Thank you very much, we say goodbye to your flat on the week. Good luck, good luck.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

From http://www.gromyko.ru/Russian/AboutUs/anatoliy.htm

Anatoly A. Gromyko

   Anatoly Gromyko (born April 15, 1932 in Borisov, Belarus), a prominent Soviet and Russian scientist, doctor of historical sciences, professor, corresponding member of Academy of Sciences. Has rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Envoy of the class I. Specialist in American studies, African studies and international relations.

   From 1939 to 1948, lives in Washington and New York, where his father, Andrei Gromyko - Soviet Ambassador to the United States and then Soviet ambassador to the UN.

In 1954 graduated from the Institute of International Relations (MGIMO). On the diplomatic service since 1961. In 1961-65 - First Secretary and then Counsellor of the Embassy of the USSR in the UK. In 1965-66 - deputy. editor of the main edition of APN. In 1966-68 - head of the Africa Institute of the USSR. In 1868-73 - head of the U.S. and Canada Institute of the USSR. In 1973-74 - Minister-Counsellor of the Embassy of the USSR in the USA. In 1974-75 - Adviser to the Embassy of the USSR to the GDR. From 1976 to 1991 - Director of the Institute of African Studies of the USSR.
Corresponding Member of USSR Academy of Sciences since 1981. He headed the Scientific Council for Africa, USSR. There was also the president of the Soviet Association of Friendship with the Peoples of Africa, the deputy. Chairman of the Soviet Committee for Solidarity with Asia and Africa, a member of the Soviet Peace Committee and the Soviet Committee for European security and cooperation. He participated in the Pugwash movement.
Author of numerous articles and books. Among his works: "1036 Days of President Kennedy" (), "U.S. Foreign Policy: Lessons and reality, the 60-70s" (1978), "The conflict in southern Africa: the international dimension" (1979), "Africa: Progress , difficulties and prospects "(1981)," The new thinking in the nuclear age "(co-author) (1984)," Masks and sculptures of tropical Africa "(1984)," Breakthrough "(together with American scientists ....) (1989). Many of them have become bestsellers.
His latest book, "Andrei Gromyko. In the labyrinths of the Kremlin." (1997) is devoted to the recollections of his father, thinking about the modern history of the Soviet Union and Russia.
Anatoly Gromyko - laureate of State Prize of the USSR (1980). Italian Academy Award winner "Simba." Winner of Prize. V.V.Vorovskogo. He is also a member of the Malagasy Academy of Sciences, o.Madagaskar, a member of the Royal Academy of Sciences Morokko, Honorary Doctor of the University of Leipzig. A member of the Academy of Political Science in Russia. President of the Center estimates policy. Member, Board of Governors of the Centre for World Dialogue (Cyprus).
He is married to Valentina Gromyko. He has three children, sons, Igor and Alexis, and daughter Anna. He is fond of painting.

Википедия

Анато́лий Андре́евич Громы́ко (белор. Анато́ль Андрэ́евіч Грамы́ка, 15 апреля 1932, Борисов, Минская область, Белорусская ССР, СССР — 25 сентября 2017, Москва, Россия) — советский, затем российский дипломат и учёный, специалист в области американистики, африканистики, международных отношений.

Кандидат юридических наук, доктор исторических наук, профессор. Член-корреспондент АН СССР (1981).

Чрезвычайный и полномочный посланник 1 класса.