William II Busac d'Eu, comte d'Eu, comte de Soissons in jure uxoris

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Busac

Guillaume Busac

Guillaume Busac (vers 1020 1 – vers 1076 2), est un Normand peut-être comte d'Eu avant d'en être dépossédé, puis comte de Soissons en droit de sa femme (de jure uxoris).

Biographie

Guillaume Busac est le fils de Guillaume, comte d'Eu, et de Lesceline1. Son père est un fils illégitime du duc Richard Ier de Normandie. C'est le chroniqueur médiéval Robert de Torigny qui lui attribue le surnom de « Busac »1.

Il y a débat parmi les historiens pour savoir s'il était le fils aîné ou puîné du comte d'Eu, et s'il a ou non possédé un temps ce comté. Pour David Douglas (1946)1, c'est Robert le fils aîné et héritier du comté, et Guillaume Bussac n'en est à aucun moment le seigneur.

Toutefois, pour d'autres historien, comme David Crouch, François Neveux et Pierre Bauduin3, Guillaume Busac hérite de son père et est bien comte d'Eu quand il se rebelle contre le duc de Normandie Richard II, et qu'il est délogé de sa forteresse d'Eu, dépouillé de son comté et contraint à l'exil 4, vers 1050 5. Pour David Douglas, l'interpolation d'Orderic Vital dans Gesta Normannorum ducum sur laquelle est basée cette affirmation est erronée, et le moine chroniqueur confond probablement ce Guillaume avec un autre rebelle, Guillaume d'Arques1,6. Pour Pierre Bauduin, le comté d'Eu passe alors à son frère Robert 3.

Guillaume Busac se rend auprès du roi Henri Ier de France. Celui-ci lui donne en mariage Adélaïde, l'héritière du comté de Soissons 4, fille de Renaud, Grand-Maître d’Hôtel de France. Guillaume Busac devient donc comte de Soissons en droit de sa femme, et établit une lignée qui s'éteint en 1148 avec la mort du comte Renaud II 4.

Notes et références

• ↑ a, b, c, d et e David Douglas, « The Earliest Norman Counts », The English Historical Review, vol. 61, no 240 (mai 1946), p. 129-156, note A.
• ↑ Elisabeth M. C. Van Houts, The Normans in Europe, Manchester University Press, 2000, p. 293.
• ↑ a et b Pierre Bauduin, La première Normandie (Xe-XIe siècle), Caen, Presses universitaires de Caen, réimpr. 2006, p. 297.
• ↑ a, b et c David Crouch, The Normans: The History of a Dynasty, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006, p. 65.
• ↑ François Neveux, A brief history of the Normans: the conquests that changed the face of Europe, Robinson, 2008, p. 123.
• ↑ Warren Brown, Piotr Górecki, Conflict in Medieval Europe: Changing Perspectives on Society and Culture, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2003, p. 145.

Articles connexes

Comté d'Eu
Liste des comtes d'Eu

http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/nfralaoncou.htm#_Toc480785789

GUILLAUME "Busac" d'Eu, son of GUILLAUME Comte d'Hiémois et d'Eu [Normandy] & his wife Lesceline de Tourville (-[1076]). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Rodbertum...Willelmum Suessionensem comitem atque Hugonem Luxoviensem præsulem” as the three sons of “ducis uno ex patre fratrem progenitum...Willelmum” and his wife “Lezscelinam...filiam...Turchetilli”[595]. Comte de Soissons. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Willelmus cognomento Busacius” plotted rebellion against Guillaume II Duke of Normandy, who besieged “castrum Oucis” and forced Guillaume into exile with Henri I King of France, who granted him “comitatum Suessionis...cum quadam nobili coniuge”[596]. [An undated charter, dated to the [1035/50], records the donation of "predium Heltonis quod possedit Gozelinus vicecomes" to the abbey of Sainte-Trinité at Rouen, with the support of "Willelmus comes Normanniæ, et Willelmus, filius Willelmi comitis, qui et hæres Heltonis, et Robertus comes frater eius…Niellus…et Turstinus vicecomites", subscribed by "…filii Turchitilli Hugo et Goffridus necnon Walerannus comes", signed by "Gozelini vicecomitis, Heltonis, Willelmi heredis Heltonis, Walberti fratris Heltonis, Waleranni comitis, Alberici comitis, Heltæ filii Heltonis…"[597].] An undated charter, dated to [1049], records that "Lezelina comitissa…cum filiis suis" was expelled "de castro Ou" and donated land on the banks of the Seine to Sainte-Trinité de Rouen, with the consent of "filiis suis Hugone, Willelmo, Rotberto"[598]. [The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "comes Suessionis et comes de Dommartin et comes de Ronaco et Manasses cui agnomen Calva-asina" as brothers of "Helduino comiti de Ramerut", naming "Rainaldum comitem Suessionis et Iohannem, qui fratri successit in comitatum, et Manassem Suessionensem episcopum et filias" as the children of "supradictus comes Suessionis Guilermus…frater iam dicti Helduini"[599]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines gives the same origin of "comes Suessionensis Guilelmus" naming him brother of "Manasses Calva-asina et…comitis Hilduinis de Ramerut"[600]. No explanation has been found for this discrepancy.] "…Willemus comes Suessionensis…" witnessed the charter dated 29 May 1067 under which Philippe I King of France confirmed the possessions of Saint-Martin-des-Champs[601].

m [ADELA] [de Soissons, daughter of RENAUD Comte de Soissons & his wife ---] (-[1105]). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Willelmus cognomento Busacius” plotted rebellion against Guillaume II Duke of Normandy, who besieged “castrum Oucis” and forced Guillaume into exile with Henri I King of France, who granted him “comitatum Suessionis...cum quadam nobili coniuge”[602]. This source does not link the grant of the county of Soissons to Guillaume’s marriage to the heiress of the county, nor does the wording of the passage even imply that connection although such a link is the most obvious explanation for the grant. No other primary source has yet been identified which confirms her parentage and marriage. If Guillaume’s wife was the heiress of Soissons, the chronology suggests that she could have been the sister of Comte Guy [II], although she could also have been a more remote relation. She is named Adela in secondary sources but no primary source has been identified which confirms that this name is correct.

Comte Guillaume & his wife had four children:

1. RENAUD [II] de Soissons (-1099). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Rainaldum comitem Suessonis et Iohannem…et Manassem Suessionensem episcopum et filias" as children of "comes Suessionis Guilermus"[603]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines also names "Renaldum et Iohannem comites et Manassem episcopum Suessionensem" as children of "comes Suessionensis Guilelmus"[604]. Comte de Soissons.

2. JEAN de Soissons (-after 1115). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Rainaldum comitem Suessonis et Iohannem…et Manassem Suessionensem episcopum et filias" as children of "comes Suessionis Guilermus", specifying that Jean succeeded his brother as Comte de Soissons[605]. Comte de Soissons. m AVELINE de Pierrefonds, daughter of NIVELON [II] Seigneur de Pierrefonds & his wife Hawise --- (-12 May after 1119). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not been identified. A charter dated 1119 records the settlement of a dispute between the monks of Saint-Jean-des-Vignes and "heres eius…comes Johannes" concerning property donated by "Aylaidis comitissa", after whose death "Johannes filius eius" disputed the donation, with the consent of "ipso puero comite et comitissa matre eius Avelina"[606]. The necrology of Reims [Saint-R%C3%A9mi] records the death "XI Kal Jun" of "Avelina comitissa Suessionensis et monacha"[607]. Comte Jean & his wife had one child:

a) RENAUD [III] de Soissons (-after 1141). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Comte de Soissons. A charter dated 1119 records the settlement of a dispute between the monks of Saint-Jean-des-Vignes and "heres eius…comes Johannes" concerning property donated by "Aylaidis comitissa", after whose death "Johannes filius eius" disputed the donation, with the consent of "ipso puero comite et comitissa matre eius Avelina"[608]. He transferred the county of Soissons to Ives II de Nesle in 1141 and became a monk[609]. m BATHILDE, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not been identified. 1137.

3. MANASSES de Soissons (-1 Mar 1108). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Rainaldum comitem Suessonis et Iohannem…et Manassem Suessionensem episcopum et filias" as children of "comes Suessionis Guilermus"[610]. Bishop of Cambrai 1095. The Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium (Continuatio) records the disputes which arose following the death of Gerard Bishop of Cambrai, when the town of Cambrai chose “Francigenam...Manassen” whereupon the canons appointed “prepositum...Mascelinum” (and later “domnum Walcherum archidiaconum suum”, see above), while the inhabitants of Arras appointed “episcopum...Lambertum”[611]. Another Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium (Continuatio) provides a second version of events, including the intervention of “Manasses Remensium archiepiscopus, electi Manassæ avunculus”[612]. The Chronicon S. Andreæ records the council of Auvergne held by Pope Urban II in 1095 which decided in favour of Manassès[613]. The Continuatio of Sigebert's Chronica from Anchin records in 1095 the succession, after "expulso ab episcopatu Cameracensi Walchero”, of “Manasses”[614]. The Continuatio of Sigebert's Chronica from Anchin records in 1105, after "Manasse Cameracensi episcopo accepto monachico habitu”, the succession of “Odo primus abbas ex cœnobio sancti Martini Tornacensis æcclesiæ”[615]. Bishop of Soissons 1103. The Gesta Galcheri Episcopi Cameracensis records that the Pope installed Manassès as bishop of Soissons after he left Cambrai[616]. The necrology of Soissons Saint-Jean records the death “Kal Mar” of “Manasses episcopus” and his donation of “altare de Bonnis, de Lostro...”[617].

4. --- de Soissons . The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records that "Renaldum et Iohannem comites et Manassem episcopum Suessionensem, horum soror Yvoni de Nigella" gave birth to "comitem Radulfum"[618]. The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Rainaldum comitem Suessonis et Iohannem…et Manassem Suessionensem episcopum et filias" as children of "comes Suessionis Guilermus", specifying that one daughter (unnamed) married "Ivoni de Neella" by whom she had "Radulfum eiusdem castri dominum. Radulfus genuit Yvonem comitem Suessionis et Radulfum castellanum de Bruges et Theodericum Cameracensem archidiaconum"[619]. m IVES de Nesle, son of --- (-after 1076).

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Guillaume Busac (né avant ca 1025-1077), fils de Guillaume d'Eu, comte d'Hiémois, puis comte de Soissons (de jure uxoris).

Il assiste au couronnement du roi Henri Ier de France et se fait proclamer duc de Normandie. Comme descendant de Richard-sans-Peur, il essaie de disputer la Normandie à Guillaume-le-Bâtard[%C3%A9vasif]. Il réussit d'abord à entraîner dans son parti un grand nombre des seigneurs normands, qu'il convoque au château d'Eu, l'une des plus fortes places du duché. Mais Richard II de Normandie ne laisse pas aux conjurés[%C3%A9vasif] le temps de recevoir les renforts qu'ils attendent. Il enveloppe la forteresse, s'en empare malgré la résistance énergique des assiégés et la livre au pillage et force le rebelle Guillaume, son parent, à s'exiler. Guillaume Busac se rend auprès du roi Henri Ier. Le roi lui donne le comté de Soissons, ainsi qu'une épouse en 1058, Ade, comtesse de Soissons et de de Troyes (1042-1079), fille de Renaud, Grand-Maître d’Hôtel de France. Guillaume Busac accompagne Henri Ier de France dans la guerre que ce monarque a contre les rois d’Angleterre.

aka: Guillaume d'EU, Comte de Soissons
aka: William "Busac", Count of EU

married: 1057/59 1058

died: after 1076 occ (living) 1059 [Ref: ES III:693] 1090

Count of Eu, rebelled and deprived, went to France

http://www.gurganus.org/ourfamily/pedigree.cfm?pid=49186

William Busac, was Count of Eu, but was deprived in favor of his brother Robert, and was ancestor of the Counts of Nisle.

http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=jweber&id...