Jaime II el Justo, rey de Aragón

KING Jaime II de Aragón, King of Aragon and Valencia and Count of Barcelona, King of Majorca, King of Sardinia and Corsica

"James, by the grace of God, king of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica, and count of Barcelona

James II (Catalan: Jaume II; Aragonese: Chaime II; 10 April 1267 – 2 or 5 November 1327), called the Just,[a] was the King of Aragon and Valencia and Count of Barcelona from 1291 to 1327. He was also the King of Sicily (as James I)[b] from 1285 to 1295 and the King of Majorca from 1291 to 1298. From 1297 he was nominally the King of Sardinia and Corsica, but he only acquired the island of Sardinia by conquest in 1324. His full title for the last three decades of his reign was "James, by the grace of God, king of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica, and count of Barcelona" (Latin: Iacobus Dei gratia rex Aragonum, Valencie, Sardinie, et Corsice ac comes Barchinone).

Born at Valencia, James was the second son of Peter III of Aragon and Constance of Sicily. He succeeded his father in Sicily in 1285 and his elder brother Alfonso III in Aragon and the other Spanish territories, including Majorca, in 1291. He was forced to cede Sicily to the papacy in 1295, after which it was seized by his younger brother, Frederick III, in 1296. In 1298 he returned Majorca to the deposed king of Majorca, a different James II, having received rights to Sardinia and Corsica from Pope Boniface VIII. On 20 January 1296, Boniface issued the bull Redemptor mundi granting James the titles of Standard-bearer, Captain General and Admiral of the Roman church.

Reign
1285–1298
James succeeded his father as King of Sicily in 1286, being crowned in Palermo. In response, Pope Honorius IV excommunicated James. Upon the death of his brother Alfonso III in 1291, he succeeded also to the throne of the Crown of Aragon. He spent May of that year in Catania, inspiring the local monk Atanasiu di Iaci to write the Vinuta di re Iapicu about his time there. By a peace treaty with Charles II of Anjou in 1296, he agreed to give up Sicily, but the Sicilians instead installed his brother Frederick on the throne.

Due to the fact that Frederick would not withdraw from the island, Pope Boniface VIII asked James II, along with Charles II of Naples, to remove him. As an enticement to do this the Pope invested James II with the title to Sardinia and Corsica, as well as appointing him papal gonfalonier. Because of his inability to disguise his apathy on the matter, he returned to Aragon. Frederick reigned there until his death in 1337.

By the Treaty of Anagni in 1295, he returned the Balearic Islands to his uncle James II of Majorca. In 1298, by the Treaty of Argilers, James of Majorca recognised the suzerainty of James of Aragon.

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Aragonés (AN):

Chaime II d'Aragón (Valencia, 10 d'agosto de 1267 - †Barcelona, 2 de noviembre de 1327) estió rei d'Aragón y Secilia entre 1291 y a suya muerte.

Català (CA):

Jaume II el Just[1] (dit també Jaume II d'Aragó i Jaume II de Catalunya-Aragó[2]%29 en aragonès: Jaime;[3] en llatí: Jacobus.[4] (València, Regne de València, 10 d'agost de 1267 - Barcelona, Principat de Catalunya, 2 de novembre de 1327) fou sobirà de la Corona d'Aragó amb els títols principals de comte de Barcelona, rei d'Aragó i rei de València (1291-1327), així com també rei de Sicília (1285-1296), rei de Mallorca (1291-1295) i rei de Sardenya (1324-1327). Per la Pau d'Anagni (1295) el Sant Pare li concedí vitalíciament els títols honorífics de «Senyaler, Almirall i Capità General de l'Església de Roma».

Español (ES):

Jaime II de Aragón, el Justo (Valencia, 10 de abril de 12671 – Barcelona, 2 de noviembre de 1327) fue rey de Aragón, de Valencia y conde de Barcelona entre 1291 y su muerte, y rey de Sicilia entre 1285 y 1302. Ostentó los títulos honoríficos de Portaestandarte, Almirante y Capitán General de la Santa Iglesia Católica.

Nacimiento: 10 de agosto de 1267, Valencia

Fallecimiento: 2 de noviembre de 1327, Barcelona

Entierro: Monasterio de Santes Creus

Padre: Pedro III de Aragón

Madre: Constanza II de Sicilia

Jaime II de Aragón, el Justo (Valencia, 10 de agosto de 1267 – Barcelona, 2 de noviembre de 1327) fue rey de Aragón y Sicilia entre 1291 y su muerte.

Segundo hijo de Pedro III y de su esposa Constanza II de Sicilia, de su padre heredó el reino de Sicilia en 1285. Derrotó a su competidor Carlos de Anjou, cuyas fuerzas navales fueron deshechas en más de un encuentro por el almirante aragonés Roger de Lauria. Conquistó Calabria y las islas del golfo de Nápoles.

En 1291 recibió también la Corona de Aragón, al morir sin descendencia su hermano Alfonso III, y se alió con el rey de Castilla.

Elaboró una política de enlaces matrimoniales con la familia real castellana, pero no dio los resultados esperados. La hija de Sancho IV formaba parte del trato y, pese a sus ocho años de edad, fue enviada a Aragón para ser casada con Jaime II, pero tres años más tarde fue devuelta a Castilla, pues el papa Bonifacio VIII no concedió la dispensa matrimonial.

Se casó cuatro veces: con Isabel de Castilla, Blanca de Nápoles, María de Chipre y Elisenda de Moncada.

Sólo tuvo descendencia con su segunda esposa, Blanca de Nápoles. Tuvieron un total de diez hijos:

1) Infante Jaime de Aragón y de Anjou (1296-1334), que renunció a sus derechos reales y a casarse con Leonor de Castilla.

2) Infante Alfonso IV de Aragón (1299-1336), rey de Aragón y conde de Barcelona.

3) Infanta María de Aragón y Anjou (1299-1311), casada con Pedro de Castilla y de Molina, hijo de Sancho IV de Castilla

4) Infanta Constanza de Aragón y de Anjou (1300-1327), casada con Don Juan Manuel.

5) Infanta Isabel de Aragón y de Anjou (1302-1330), que casó en 1315 con Federico I de Austria.

6) Infante Juan de Aragón (1304-1334), arzobispo de Toledo, de Tarragona y patriarca de Alejandría.

7) Infante Pedro de Aragón (1305-1381), conde de Ribagorza, de Ampurias y de Prades.

8) Infanta Blanca de Aragón y de Anjou (1307-1348), religiosa.

9) Infante Ramón Berenguer de Aragón y Anjou (1308-1364), conde de Prades y señor de la Villa de Elche.

10) Infanta Violante de Aragón (1310-1353), casada con Felipe, déspota de Rumania e hijo de Felipe I de Tarento, y posteriormente con Don Lope Ferrench de Luna, primer conde de Luna.

Tuvo por sucesor a su hijo Alfonso IV.

James II of Aragon

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, English (EN):

James II, King of Aragon (10 August 1267 in Valencia – 2 November or 5 November 1327 in Barcelona), in Catalan Jaume II, in Aragonese Chaime II, in Spanish Jaime II, also James II of Barcelona, called The Just (Catalan: El Just, Aragonese: Lo Chusto) was the second son of Peter III of Aragon and Constance of Sicily.

He succeeded his father as King of Sicily in 1285, and was then known as "James I of Sicily." Upon the death of his brother Alfonso III in 1291, he succeeded also to the throne of the Crown of Aragon. By a peace treaty with Charles II of Anjou in 1296, he agreed to give up Sicily, but the Sicilians instead installed on the throne his brother Frederick. He reigned until his death in 1327.

By the Treaty of Anagni in 1295, he returned the Balearic Islands to James II of Majorca. Aragon retained control over the continental territories of the Majorca kingdom — Montpellier and Roussillon — throughout James' reign. In 1298, by the Treaty of Argilers, James of Majorca recognised the suzerainty of James of Aragon.

Family

He married four times:

— Isabella of Castile, Viscountess of Limoges, daughter of Sancho IV of Castile and his wife María de Molina. The wedding took place in the city of Soria, in 1 December 1291 when the bride was only 8 years old. The marriage, which was never consummated, was dissolved and annulled after Sancho's death in 1295, when James chose to change his alliances and take advantage of the turmoil inside Castile.

— Blanche of Anjou, daughter of his family's rival Charles II of Naples and Maria Arpad of Hungary. They married in the city of Villabertran, in 29 October or 1 November 1295. She bore him several legitimate children:

James (Jaume) (b. 29 September 1296 - d. Tarragona, July 1334). James renounced his right to the throne in 1319 to become a monk. He refused to consummate his marriage to Leonor of Castille, who later become the second wife of his brother Alfonso.

Alfonso IV of Aragon (1299 – 24 January 1336). He became the King of Aragon in 1327 and ruled until his death. He married twice: first to Teresa d'Entença and then to Eleanor of Castile after his first wife died.

Maria (b. 1299 - d. as a nun in Sijena, 1316). She married Pedro of Castile, son of Sancho IV of Castile.

Constance (Constança) (b. Valencia, 1 April 1300 - d. Castillo de Garcia Munoz, 19 September 1327). Constance married Juan Manuel, Duke of Penafiel, nephew of Alfonso X of Castile.

John (Juan) (b. 1304 - d. Pobo, Zaragoza, 19 August 1334). John became the first Archbishop of Toledo and Tarragona in 1318, and Patriarch of Alexandria in 1328.

Isabel of Aragon (b. 1305 - d. Styria, 12 July 1330). Elizabeth married Frederick I of Austria.

Peter (Pere) (b. 1305 - d. Pisa, 4 November 1381), Count of Ribagorça and Prades. Peter married Jeanne, daughter of Gaston I of Foix.

Blanca (b. 1307 - d. Barcelona, 1348), Prioress of Sixena.

Ramon Berenguer (b. August 1308 - d. a priest at Barcelona, 1366), Count of Empúries and Baron of Ejerica. Ramon married firstly with Blanca, daughter of Philip I of Taranto, and secondly with Maria, daughter of Jaime of Aragon.

Violante (b. Barcelona, October 1310 - d. Pedrola, 19 July 1353). She first married Philip, Despot of Romania, son of Philip I of Taranto. Her second marriage was with Lope de Luna, Lord of Segorbe.

— Marie de Lusignan (1273 – September, 1322 at Tortosa, buried at Barcelona), daughter of the King Hugh III of Cyprus. They married by proxy in Santa Sophia, Nicosia, in 15 June 1315, and in person in the city of Girona, in 27 November 1315. This marriage was childless.

— Elisenda de Montcada, daughter of Pedro I de Montcada, Lord of Altona and Soses, and wife Gisela d'Abarca. They married in the city of Tarragona, in 25 December 1322. This marriage was childless too, and, after the king's death, she entered the Monastery of Poor Clares in Pedralbes as a Nun, where she died on June 19, 1364.

[edit]Mistresses and offspring

In addition to his legitimate offspring, James had three natural children born with Sicilian women:

— With Gerolda:

Sancho (b. Sicily, 1287 - d. young?).

Napoleón (b. Sicily, 1288 - m. 1338), Lord of Joyosa Guarda (Gioiosaguardia) and Acquafredda (in Sardinia); married a daughter of a Majorcan named Guillermo Robert.

— With Lucrecia:

James (Jaume) (b. Mazzara, 1291 - d. 1350), Vicario di Cagliari (1317–1341); married firstly with Jaumetta Guerau, from Majorca, and secondly with Puccia, a Sardinian woman.

Português, Da Wikipédia, A encilopédia livre (PT):

Jaime II de Aragão apelidado de "o Justo" (Valência, 10 de Agosto de 1267 – Barcelona, 2 de Novembro de 1327) foi rei de Aragão e da Sicília entre 1291 e a sua morte.

A respeito da sua política peninsular:

Consolidou a Coroa de Aragão ao declarar a união indissolúvel entre os reinos de Aragão, Catalunha e Valência (1319).

Obteve a vassalagem dos reis de Maiorca (membros da casa real aragonesa).

Recuperou o Vale de Arán.

Reforçou a posição da Coroa submetendo a nobreza com o apoio das cidades.

Fez avançar a fronteira do reino de Valência até à costa de Múrcia, aproveitando a intervenção nas disputas sucessórias castelhanas (1304).

Reforçou a defesa do flanco sul frente aos muçulmanos criando para isso a ordem militar de Montesa (1317), aprovada pelo papa João XXII em 1317, com o fim de lutar contra os muçulmanos.

Fundou em 1300 a Universidade de Lérida.

Desterrou do seu território os templários.

No final do seu reinado, em 1325, as Cortes reunidas em Saragoça acordaram a supressão do tormento.

Elaborou uma política de ligações matrimoniais com a família real castelhana, mas que não deram os resultados esperados. A filha de Sancho IV fazia parte do acordo e, apesar dos seus oito anos de idade, foi enviada a Aragão para casar com Jaime II, mas três anos mais tarde foi devolvida a Castela pois o papa Bonifácio VIII não concedeu a dispensa matrimonial.