GADOLIN, Johan. Professor, f. 5.6.1760 Åbo, d. 15.8.1852 Mynämäki. Föräldrar: Biskop Jakob och Elisabet (f. Brovallius) Gadolin. Maka: 1) 1794 Hedvig Magdalena Thieleman, d. 1817; 2) Ebba Catharina Palander, d. 1857. Stud 1775, FK 1782 Uppsala univ. Huvudtjänster: Åbo Akademi, e.o. prof, i kemi 1785-, ordinarie prof, i kemi 1797—1822, rektor 1803—04 och 1811 — 12. Medlemskap: Finska hushållningssällskapet (stiftande medlem). Ordnar och andra utmärkelser: FVS, hedersledamot; Finska hushållningssällskapets guldmedalj. Litterär verksamhet: 1794 upptäckte Gadolin ett nytt lantanid-grundämne, yttrium, från Ytterbys stenbrott; mineralet fick senare namnet Gadolinit. De theoria caloris corporum specifici, 1784 (om specifika värmet hos kroppar). Andra uppgifter: Suomalaisten Kemistien Seura’s förtjänstmedalj är uppkallad efter Gadolin. Åbo Akademis kemiska institutionsbyggnad heter Gadolinia.

Källa: Geologerna

Johan Gadolin, professor i kemi vid Kungliga Akademien i Åbo, betraktas som en portalfigur inom kemin i Finland. Sitt rykte utomlands och sina mest bestående resultat uppnådde han inom den analytiska kemin. Gadolins mest kända experimentalprestation var att han fann ett nytt grundämne, yttrium. Han var en föregångare inom laboratorie-undervisningen. Han var även intresserad av ekonomi och industri och medverkade till att Finska hushållningssällskapet grundades. Hans boksamling (3400 titlar) uppbevaras i Åbo Akademis bibliotek. (BLF 1)

• http://www.blf.fi/artikel.php?id=2621

Johan Gadolin was a Finnish chemist, physicist and mineralogist. Gadolin discovered the chemical element yttrium. Another Element, gadolinium, was coined after him.

He is also considered the founder of Finnish chemistry research, as the second holder of the Chair of Chemistry at the Royal Academy of Turku.

http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Gadolin

http://hiski.genealogia.fi/hiski/6wtvzt?fi+0568+vihityt+1686, vihitty Turussa 24.3.1820

http://www.helsinki.fi/ylioppilasmatrikkeli/henkilo.php?id=9305

http://www.nad.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=14634

http://www.kemia-lehti.fi/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/kem810_kevyt.pdf Sivu 44

Johan Gadolin was a Finnish chemist, physicist and mineralogist. Gadolin discovered the chemical element yttrium. Another Element, gadolinium, was coined after him.

He is also considered the founder of Finnish chemistry research, as the second holder of the Chair of Chemistry at the Royal Academy of Turku.

Johan Gadolin was born in Turku, Finland. He began to study mathematics at the Royal Academy of Turku when he was fifteen. Soon he found mathematics too laborious and changed his major to chemistry. In 1779 Gadolin moved to Uppsala University where he was taught by Torbern Bergman. In 1790, he was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Gadolin became famous when he discovered the first rare earth element. In 1792 Gadolin received a sample of black, heavy mineral found in a quarry in the Swedish village Ytterby near Stockholm. By careful experiments, he isolated a rare earth oxide which was later named yttria. He also isolated in the same study yttrium trihydroxide. Yttria, or yttrium oxide, was the first known rare earth metal compound — at that time, it was regarded as an element. The work was published in 1794.

The mineral that Gadolin examined was named gadolinite in 1800. The element gadolinium and its oxide gadolinia were named after Gadolin by its discoverers.

In an earlier paper in 1788 Gadolin showed that the same element can show several oxidation states, in his case Sn(II) and Sn(IV) 'by combining itself with larger or smaller amounts of the calcinating substance'. He vividly described the disproportionation reaction:2 Sn(II) Sn(0) + Sn(IV).

Gadolin also studied specific heats and latent heats in 1787–92. This thermochemical work was very precise. One of his latest studies was the chemical analysis of the Chinese alloy pak tong (alpacca, German silver) in 1810 and 1827.

Gadolin became the professor of chemistry at the Royal Academy of Turku in 1797. He was one of the first chemists who gave laboratory exercises to students. He even allowed the students to use his private laboratory. Gadolin wrote the first anti-phlogiston chemistry textbook in the Nordic countries.

He was close friends with Johan Gottlieb Gahn and Carl Wilhelm Scheele.

Gadolin is also famous for publishing one of the earliest examples of counter-current condensers, today usually referred to as Liebig condensers.

References

Dean, P B; Dean, K I (August 1996). "Sir Johan Gadolin of Turku: the grandfather of gadolinium.". Academic Radiology 3 (Suppl 2): S165–9. doi:10.1016/S1076-6332(96)80523-X. PMID 8796552 . Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements: XVI. The rare earth elements". Journal of Chemical Education 9 (10): 1751–1773. Bibcode 1932JChEd...9.1751W. doi:10.1021/ed009p1751. Sella, Andrea (2009). "Gadolin's Condenser". Chemistry World 6 (10): 81–81.

Johan Gadolin toimi Turun Soitannollisen seuran hallituksen jäsenenä vuosina 1791-96 ja rahastonhoitajana 1791-1792. (Turun Soitannollinen seura 1790-1965, s. 203).