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JOHANN von Kleve, son of ADOLF Duke of Kleve & his second wife Marie de Bourgogne [Valois-Capet] (Kleve 16 Feb 1419-5 Sep 1481). Wernher Teschenmacher’s Annales Cliviæ (1630s) records the birth “die S. Julianæ” 1419 of “Joannes, patris successor”, but the editor of the edition consulted quotes no earlier primary source which confirms this information[1511]. Duke of Kleve. married (contract Bruges 25 Mar 1455, Bruges 22 Apr 1455) ELISABETH de Nevers, daughter of JEAN de Nevers [later Comte de Nevers] [Bourgogne-Valois] & his first wife Jacqueline d’Ailly ([1439]-21 Jun 1483). The marriage contract between “Jean duc de Clèves et comte de la Mark” and “Elisabeth de Bourgogne, fille de Jean de Bourgogne comte d’Estampes et sgr de Dourdan, et de Jacqueline d’Ailly sa femme” is dated 25 Mar 1455[1512]. Heiress of Nevers and Eu.
Johann & his wife ELISABETH de Nevers had six children:
Johann & his wife MATHILDE von Hessen had three children:
- a) JOHANN von Kleve (Kleve 10 Nov 1490-6 Feb 1539, bur Kleve). Duke of Jülich and Berg 1511. Duke of Kleve 1521. Duke of Jülich-Kleve-Berg 1524.
- b) ANNA (Kleve 21 May 1495-24 May 1567). married (1518) PHILIPP Graf von Waldeck-Eisenberg, son of --- (1486-1539).
- c) ADOLF (Kleve 23 Jan 1498-Spain 1525).
Life
John was the eldest son of Duke John I of Cleves (1419-1481). Like this, he was brought up at the Burgundian court. On the 3 November 1489, he married Mathilde of Hesse (born 1 July 1473 – 19 February 1505), daughter of Henry III, Landgrave of Hesse. Because of his supposedly 63 illegitimate children Johann II. bears the nickname "The Babymaker".
John grew up as his father in the Court of Burgundy . He had accompanied Charles the bold at this time in its raids. Even though his father had warned him shortly before his death to turn against Burgundy Johann has turned with the cities of Utrecht and Amersfoort against the Bishop of Utrecht, David of Burgundy . Thus, he supported his brother Engelbert, who regarded himself as administrator of the prince-bishopric of Utrecht . At the same time, he stood in the Hook and cod wars against Maximilian of Habsburg, who claimed the heritage of Burgundy, on the Group's Hoek the. It managed to capture the Allied Bishop David and to occupy large parts of the bishopric of Utrecht. But Maximilian led a successful counterattack and captured Engelbert. John had to negotiate. 1483 Initially resulted in a ceasefire and a short time later to a peace agreement. Then, John had to cede the cities Arnhem and Wageningen to Maximilian among others. In addition he had to provide himself Maximilian with 600 men for a month. Thus ended the attempt to solve, with a stronger dependency of Burgundy.
The situation of John was still hampered by the catastrophic financial situation of his country and the resistance of the estates who opposed him. The cities of the Duchy of Cleves joined 1489 to an Alliance for the protection of their rights and privileges. However this, failed to prevent John to begin new military actions. This supported Maximilian as agreed in its fight against Charles of Egmond. In addition he tried after the death of Bishop David 1496 for one of his brothers to win the Bishop. Both confrontations ended for Johann without victory.
This increased the resistance of the estates of the Duchy of Cleves and the County of mark. This increased to open rebellion and refusal of tax. Last but not least was that Johann supplied some of his minions and his many illegitimate children with money and possessions.
Combining marriage, his son Johann is considered only political success John II. with the daughter of the last Duke of Jülich-Berg, Wilhelm, which led to the unification of the duchies of Jülich Cleves-Berg .
However, joined Duke William von Jülich Berg in the fight of John with his stands on the side of the stands, and openly criticized the poor rule of John. On the 8th March 1501 Johann has forced to enter into a contract with the estates. He had to accept a permanent control of his Government through the stands. Without their consent, Johann could make henceforth no significant decisions. Also finances were subject to the control of the estates.
As a result, the Duke tried in vain to escape the co-rule of the booths. This merged instead more closely. There were 1510 permanent settlement of estates of Cleves and mark. At the same time, they made dependent of their consent the levying of taxes.
1458 |
April 13, 1458
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Kleve, Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
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1485 |
December 13, 1485
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Kleve, Düsseldorf, NRW, Germany
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1485
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1490 |
November 10, 1490
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Nassau, Deggendorf, Bayern, Germany
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1495 |
May 21, 1495
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Nassau, Deggendorf, Bayern, Germany
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1495
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Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Vlaanderen, Belgium
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1498 |
January 23, 1498
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Spain
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1521 |
January 15, 1521
Age 62
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Cleve, Gutersloh, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
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