Muʿāwiyah I bin Abu Sufyaan

It was Mu'awiyah I who received 1/3 of Safiyya's fortune - this was with agreement and support of Aisha, wife of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

• 1st Umayyad Caliph
• Reign: 661- 680 AD
• Wilaadat (Birth):
• Wafaat (Death): 30th Rajjab 60 AH (9th May 680 AD)

Source 1: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muawiyah_I

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Muʿāwiyah ibn ʾAbī Sufyān - He is Ali ibn Abi Talib's father-in-law's wife's half brother. Ali's strongest opposition was raised by Mu'awiyya from the Ummayad family based in Syria. The assassinated Caliph, Uthman, had been the kinsman of Mu'awiyya, and he accused Ali for not having charged his murderers. In 658, Ali gave in to Mu'awiyya's criticism, and established an investigation committee. This compromise shocked many Muslims, and a group of them broke with Ali. This group soon came to be known as Kharijis, and when Ali was murdered in 661, this was probably the act of a member of the Khariji sect. ref:http://www.lexicorient.com/e.o/ali.htm

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Muawiyah bin Abi-Sufyan was born in Mecca to Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and Hind bint Utbah (601 CE) into the Banu Umayya sub-clan of the Banu Abd-Shams clan of the Quraysh tribe. The Quraysh controlled the city of Mecca (in the west of present-day Saudi Arabia) and the Banu Abd-Shams were among the most influential of its citizens.[6] The meaning of Muawiyah in Arabic is "young fox".[citation needed] His father Abu-Sufyan struggled against Islam until Muhammad's army entered Mecca in 630.

Muawiyah, Muhammad and Ali shared the same great-great grandfather, ‘Abd Manaf bin Qusay, who had four sons: Hashim, Muttalib, Nawfal, and Abdu Shams. Hashim was the great grandfather of Ali and Muhammad. Umayyah bin Abdu Shams was the great grandfather of Muawiyah

Muawiyah worked as a scribe for Muhammad. According to al-Baladhuri, Urwa ibn az-Zubayr, relating from his father, Aisha said "I went to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who was in a room with Umm Habiba (Muawiyah's sister and Muhammad's wife) on her day. Muawiya knocked on the door and he gave him permission to enter, which he did. He had a pen behind his ear which he had not used. The Prophet said, 'What is this on your ear?' He said, 'A pen which I have made ready for Allah and His Messenger.' The Prophet said. 'May Allah repay you well on behalf of your Prophet! By Allah, I will only ask you to write down revelation from heaven"[13][14][15] According to Ibn Katheer in his book the Al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah, Ibn Abbas said that Abu Sufyan asked Muhammad if he could make his son Muawiyah a scribe which Muhammad granted. Therefore, Muawiyah became his scribe

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Muawiyah I was appointed the Governor of Syria by Umar earlier In 639 after his elder brother Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan (Governor of Syria) died in a plague, along with Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah the governor before him and 25,000 other people. To stop the Byzantine harassment from the sea during the Arab-Byzantine Wars. Now under Uthman's rule in 649 Muawiyah was allowed set up a navy; manned by Monophysitise Christians, Copts and Jacobite Syrian Christians sailors and Muslim troops. This resulted in the defeat of the Byzantine navy at the Battle of the Masts in 655, opening up the Mediterranean.

(read doct in MEDIA)

معاویة بن ابی‌سفیان

معاویة بن ابی‌سفیان (مرگ: ۶۰ق)، نخستین حاکم اموی است که پس از صلح امام حسن(ع) تا سال ۶۰ قمری، حدود بیست سال، در دمشق خلافت کرد. او در فتح مکه اسلام آورد و از طُلَقاء (آزادشدگان) بود. او در زمان ابوبکر در فتح سرزمین شام حاضر بود و در زمان عمر بن خطاب استاندار اردن و سپس استاندار تمام سرزمین شام شد. در شورش علیه عثمان بن عفان، علی‌رغم درخواست عثمان، به یاری او نشتافت. در زمان خلافت امام علی(ع) به اسم خونخواهی عثمان، جنگ صفین را به راه‌انداخت. پس از شهادت امام علی(ع)، در معاهده صلح با امام حسن، خلافت مسلمین را به دست گرفت و دمشق را پایتخت حکومت خود کرد. در زمان او، فتوحات بیشتر در سرزمین‌های غربی و شمال آفریقا بود و در سرزمین‌های شرقی به تثبیت فتوحات پیشین تاکید داشت. معاویه خلافت را به سلطنت تغییر داد و برای بیعت گرفتن برای پسرش یزید، تلاش‌های فراوان کرد. برای اداره کشور، دیوان‌های جدیدی را بنا نهاد. او با شورش‌های خوارج و شیعیان مواجه بود و آن‌ها را سرکوب کرد.

Il a affronté et réprimé les révoltes des Kharijites et des Chiites. Après le martyre de l'Imam Ali (AS), dans un traité de paix avec l'Imam Hassan, il a repris le califat musulman et a fait de Damas la capitale de son gouvernement. Pendant son temps, il y a eu plus de conquêtes en Afrique occidentale et septentrionale, et dans les terres orientales, il a souligné la consolidation des conquêtes précédentes. Mu'awiyah a changé le califat en une monarchie et a fait de grands efforts pour prêter allégeance à son fils Yazid.... Prêter allégeance au califat de son fils Yazid, plus que tout autre problème, a amené beaucoup de gens à lui tenir tête et à le critiquer. Il s'était écarté de la manière musulmane de choisir un calife pendant le califat d'Abou Bakr....

Mu'awiyah a accepté de nombreux conseils afin d'empêcher le soulèvement de l'Imam Hassan (AS) et a reporté la proclamation du serment d'allégeance de Yazid jusqu'à ce que de meilleures conditions soient créées. Dans le même temps, il a éliminé des personnalités éminentes opposées au mandat de Yazid. Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani dit dans al-Talabi'in: Lorsque Mu'awiyah avait l'intention de prêter allégeance au peuple en faveur de Yazid pour le califat après lui, il a conspiré contre l'Imam Hassan (AS) et Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas et a secrètement envoyé du poison, tous les deux à distance. [103] Selon certains récits, il a même tué Aisha pour cette raison....

https://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A9_%...