Historical records matching Pedro II de Bragança e Bourbon, Imperador do Brasil
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About Pedro II de Bragança e Bourbon, Imperador do Brasil
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- Pedro II de Alcântara Imperador do Brasil
- Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.
- Dom Pedro II do Brasil (nome completo: Pedro de Alcântara João Carlos Leopoldo Salvador Bibiano Francisco Xavier de Paula Leocádio Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga; Rio de Janeiro, 2 de dezembro de 1825 — Paris, 5 de dezembro de 1891), chamado O Magnânimo, foi o segundo e último Imperador do Brasil de fato. D. Pedro II foi o sétimo filho de Dom Pedro I e da arquiduquesa Dona Leopoldina de Áustria. Sucedeu ao seu pai, que abdicara em seu favor para retomar a coroa de Portugal, à qual renunciara em nome da filha mais velha, D. Maria da Glória. Pelo lado paterno, era sobrinho de Miguel I de Portugal, enquanto, pelo lado materno, sobrinho de Napoleão Bonaparte e primo dos imperadores Napoleão II da França, Francisco José I da Áustria e Maximiliano I do México. Sendo o irmão mais novo de D. Maria da Glória, também fora tio de D. Pedro V e D. Luís I, reis de Portugal
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Pedro II governou de 1840, quando foi antecipada sua maioridade, até 1889 ano em que foi deposto com a proclamação da república brasileira. Além dos registros históricos e jornalísticos da época, Pedro II deixou à posteridade 5.500 páginas de seu diário registradas a lápis em 43 cadernos, além de correspondências, que nos possibilitam conhecer um pouco mais do seu perfil e pensamento.
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Pedro II (Portuguese pronunciation: [%CB%88ped%C9%BEu seˈɡũdu]; December 2, 1825 – December 5, 1891), nicknamed "the Magnanimous"[1][2] was the second and last Emperor of Brazil, having reigned for 58 years. His name in full was Pedro de Alcântara João Carlos Leopoldo Salvador Bibiano Francisco Xavier de Paula Leocádio Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga. When anglicised, his name would be Peter II, full name Peter of Alcantara John Charles Leopold Salvador Vivian Francis Xavier of Paula Leocadio Michael Gabriel Raphael Gonzaga.
He was born on December 2, 1825, in Rio de Janeiro, the seventh child of Emperor Pedro I of Brazil and Archduchess Maria Leopoldina of Austria. As a member of the Brazilian Royalty, he held the honorific title "Dom"[3] (In English:[4][5] Don)[6]. Emperor Pedro II is usually considered the greatest Brazilian.[1]
Knight of the Spanish Order of the Golden Fleece
Pedro II of Brazil.
Reign 7 April 1831 - 15 November 1889
Coronation 18 July 1841
Born December 2, 1825(1825-12-02)
Birthplace Palácio Imperial, Rio de Janeiro
Died December 5, 1891 (aged 66)
Place of death Paris, France
Father Pedro I of Brazil
Mother Maria Leopoldina of Austria
Pedro II; December 2, 1825 – December 5, 1891) was the second and last Emperor of Brazil, having ruled for almost 50 years. His name in full was Pedro de Alcântara João Carlos Leopoldo Salvador Bibiano Francisco Xavier de Paula Leocádio Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga de Bragança e Habsburgo, By the Grace of God and Unanimous Acclamation of the People, Constitutional Emperor and Perpetual Defender of Brazil.
When anglicised, his name would be Peter II of Brazil, full name Peter of Alcantara John Charles Leopold Salvador Vivian Francis Xavier of Paula Leocadio Michael Gabriel Raphael Gonzaga of Braganza and Habsburg.
He was born on December 2, 1825 in Rio de Janeiro, the seventh son of Emperor Pedro I of Brazil and Archduchess Maria Leopoldina of Austria.
When he was a boy of five, Pedro became the Emperor of Brazil. His father Pedro I abdicated the Throne on April 7, 1831, after violent protests in Brazil against his careless handling of internal affairs, to fight a civil war in Portugal. The aim of the war in Portugal was to restore the throne of Portugal to Maria II, elder sister of Pedro II.
As a result of caring for his children's interests, in 1834, his father, Pedro I of Brazil (and Pedro IV of Portugal), had a daughter (who was only 15 years old) on the throne of Portugal and a son, Pedro II, who was Emperor of Brazil, at age 9.
During the Emperor's childhood, a series of regents administered the government, in accordance with the Constitution. On July 23, 1840, the Brazilian Imperial Parliament, or General Assembly, declared Pedro to be of age to govern and abolished the regency. Though only 14, Pedro already had a reputation as a judicious ruler, and the Imperial Parliament hoped that his popularity would quell the regional revolts that had rocked Brazil in the 1830s. Emperor Pedro II was consecrated and crowned on July 18, 1841.
Dom Pedro II was married on September 17, 1842 to his first cousin once removed Princess Teresa of the Two Sicilies (1822–1889), the youngest daughter of King Francis I of the Two Sicilies (1777–1830) and Maria Isabella of Spain. (Pedro I had been married to Leopoldina of Austria when he was Crown Prince of Portugal). Pedro II and Teresa Cristina had four children.
Pedro II reigned as Emperor of Brazil for 49 years. As emperor, he brought economic stability and progress by encouraging coffee production instead of sugar. The period saw the beginnings of industrialization: the first paved roads, the first steam-engine railway, a submarine telegraphy cable, and the introduction of the telephone. Because of his strong intellectual passions, he traveled to the United States and attended the Philadelphia Exposition of 1876, where Alexander Graham Bell showed him his new telephone. Pedro II probably was the first Brazilian to use the invention. He recited Shakespeare's classic line from Hamlet, "To be or not to be" into it, and exclaimed, "This thing speaks!". His regime was supported for 40 years because of his leadership and compassion for the Brazilian people.
Liberal in outlook, Pedro II took steps to end slavery, after freeing his own in 1840. He knew that the Brazilian landowners would disagree with complete and immediate emancipation, therefore the process was gradual. The final abolition edict, the Golden Law, was signed in his absence by his daughter Princess Isabel, on May 13, 1888, freeing 700,000 slaves without any compensation for their owners. Pedro II also tried to learn Guarani, the most widely spoken indigenous language in nineteenth-century Brazil. He was widely respected by Brazilians of all social levels as an enlightened monarch who ruled in a principled, rational, moderate fashion. His relations with the Roman Catholic Church were tensified due to his opposition to their 1872 anti-Masonic laws. Historian Thomas Skidmore has compared Pedro II to Queen Victoria, another nineteenth-century monarch who was popular for similar reasons.
Though an enlightened monarch, Pedro II nonetheless retained extensive power over the Brazilian government, as he presided over 36 cabinets. Under the Brazilian Constitution of 1824, the Emperor possessed Poder Moderador (Moderating Power), i.e. the power to temper the will of Brazil's representative government. In practice, this meant that Pedro II had the right to veto legislation, dissolve the lower house of the legislature (the only one that was elected), and call new elections at his pleasure. Pedro II generally respected the wishes of the electorate, and did all that he could to alternate support between the Liberal and Conservative parties so that each would have a fair amount of time in power. These parties represented the landowning class, causing tensions within other classes of Brazilian society and often leaving them displeased. The unexpectedly long and costly Paraguayan War of 1865-1870 also diminished his popularity.
Photograph of Emperor Pedro II in 1876.In the wake of the Paraguayan War, a war not started by Brazil, the monarchy was seen by some to be an obstacle to modernization and economic growth. Liberals called both for greater regional autonomy. The abolition of slavery in Brazil, the last place where it still existed in the Americas, irritated the wealthy elite. A military coup d'etat on November 15, 1889 overthrew the monarchy. The Emperor and his family went into exile in Europe, and Brazil created a new federalist, republican government under the Brazilian Constitution of 1891.
Pedro II died on December 5, 1891 in Paris, France. The government of France gave a state funeral to the old emperor. At the same time, the Brazilian Republic censored the details of Pedro's death and funeral.
His and his wife's remains were taken to Brazil in 1920, and were placed in a Chapel in the city Petrópolis.
Pedro II eli Dom Pedro de Alcântara (2. joulukuuta 1825 Rio de Janeiro Brasilia − 5. joulukuuta 1891) oli Brasilian toinen ja viimeinen keisari. Hän hallitsi maata melkein 60 vuotta.
Hänen koko nimensä oli Pedro de Alcântara João Carlos Leopoldo Salvador Bibiano Francisco Xavier de Paula Leocádio Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga de Bragança e Habsburgo (suom. Jumalan Armosta ja Kansan Yksimielisestä Suosiosta, Brasilian Perustuslaillinen Keisari ja Ikuinen Puolustaja).
Lapset: Afonso 1845-47,Isabel 1846-1921,Leopoldina 1847-71 ja Pedro 1848-50
О Педру II (императоре Бразилии) (русский)
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Pedro II de Bragança e Bourbon, Imperador do Brasil's Timeline
| 1825 |
December 2, 1825
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Paço de São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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December 2, 1825
- April 7, 1831
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Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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| 1826 |
February 6, 1826
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Paço de São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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| 1831 |
April 7, 1831
- November 15, 1889
Age 5
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Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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| 1845 |
February 23, 1845
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Paço de São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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| 1846 |
July 29, 1846
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Quinta Imperial da Boa Vista, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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| 1847 |
July 13, 1847
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Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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| 1848 |
July 19, 1848
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Paço de São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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| 1889 |
November 15, 1889
- December 5, 1891
Age 63
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Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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