Richard Cottonwood

Richard was a Standing Rock Oyate (probably band/clan Hunkpapa) man

The Standing Rock Reservation lies across the border between North and South Dakota in the United States. It is inhabited by ethnic "Hunkpapa and Sihasapa bands of Lakota Oyate and the Ihunktuwona and Pabaksa bands of the Dakota Oyate," as well as the Hunkpatina Dakota.

• Hunkpapa: Also known as "Campers at the Horn"
• Sihasapa: Also known as "Blackfoot"
• Upper Yanktonai: Also known as "Ihanktonwana" or "Little End Village"
• Lower Yanktonai: Also known as "Hunkatina" or "Cut Heads"

Chief Sitting Bull camp just south of the Standing Rock Agency c. 1883
Each member of the Standing Rock Tribe carries a Tribal Membership Identification Card. The card identifies the member's pedigree. The only pedigrees the US Government tracks are those of horses, dogs, and Indians!

Standing Rock Indian Agency and Fort Yates, North Dakota c. 1890

Biography:
Iteciqa 'Richard' Cottonwood was born in April 1874 on the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation to father Cottonwood (1850-1899) and mother Twin Woman (1855-?). Richard was married to Hinhanokinyan 'Julia' Cottonwood (Goodiron nee NN). They had 2 daughters and a son.

According to the book Vanished in Hiawatha, author Carla Joinson states that Richard was committed on March 9, 1919, and died on April 30, 1920, of anasarca. ((Anasarca is a severe and generalized condition where fluid builds up in the body's tissues, causing swelling throughout the body. It's also known as extreme generalized or massive edema.) The onset of illness must have been rather sudden as Richard was living with his family on June 30, 1918. He died at the Canton Asylum but his body was returned to the Standing Rock Reservation where he was buried in the Saint James Episcopal Cemetery, Cannon Ball, Sioux County, North Dakota.

His profile is part of the https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Canton_Asylum.

Research Notes:
-Julia Goodiron was a widow in the 30 Jun 1894 census, is married to Richard in the 30 Jun 1897 census
-For some unknown reason Richard is NOT in the Canton Asylum male censuses for June 30, 1919
-Julia Cottonwood is shown BHS (by herself) in the 1920 Indian census

Additional Reading:
1) North Dakota Department of Public Instruction. “The History and Culture of the Standing Rock Oyate” North Dakota Department of Public Instruction, 1995 @ https://www.indianaffairs.nd.gov/sites/www/files/documents/pdfs/His...
2) North Dakota Studies Program. “Culture-Standing Rock.” North Dakota Studies, www.ndstudies.gov/curriculum/high-school/standing-rock-oyate/culture-standing-rock. Accessed 29 Oct. 2024.
__________
Sources:

1897 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll549unit/page/n537/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 538/900, line 91996 (age 22), census of the Sioux Indians, Standing Rock Agency, North Dakota

1899 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll549unit/page/n799/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 800/900, line 994 (age 24), census of the Sioux Indians, Standing Rock Agency, North Dakota

1900 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll550unit/page/n45/mode/1.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 46/758, line 993 (age 25), census of the Sioux Tribe of Indians, Standing Rock Agency, North Dakota

1901 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll550unit/page/n191/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 192/758, line 985 (age 26), census of the Sioux Tribe of Indians, Standing Rock Agency, North Dakota

1902 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll550unit/page/n347/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 348/758, line 968 (age 27), census of the Sioux Tribe of Indians, Standing Rock Agency, No. Dak.

1903 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll550unit/page/n501/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 502/758, line 964 (age 28), census of the Sioux Indians, Standing Rock Agency, North Dakota

1904 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll550unit/page/n653/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 654/758, line 921 (age 29), census of the Sioux Indians, Standing Rock Agency, North Dakota

1905 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll551unit/page/n41/mode/1.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 42/575, line 910 (age 30), census of the Sioux Indians, Standing Rock Agency, North Dakota

1906 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll551unit/page/n186/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 187/575, line 956 (age 31), census of the Sioux Indians, Standing Rock Agency, North Dakota

1907 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll551unit/page/n336/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 337/575, line 946 (age 32), census of the Sioux Indians, Standing Rock Agency, North Dakota

1908 Jun 26 - "United States Bureau of Land Management Tract Books, 1800-c. 1955", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:6K9H-L23H : Fri Mar 08 06:05:36 UTC 2024), Entry for Richard Cottonwood, 26 Jun 1908, pg 162/957, Indian allotment Section 32 township 133, Range 81, 640 acres

1908 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll551unit/page/n482/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 483/575, line 933 (age 33), census of the Sioux Indians, Standing Rock Agency, North Dakota

1909 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll552unit/page/n71/mode/1.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 72/713, line 943 (age 35), census of the Sioux Indians, Standing Rock Agency, North Dakota

1910 May 21 - "United States Census, 1910", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MLPM-L3K : Sun Mar 10 14:04:48 UTC 2024), Entry for Richard Cottonwood and Julia Cottonwood, 1910, pg. 950/1431, line 3 (age 35), census of the Standing Rock Indian Reservation (part), Cannon Ball Agency, Morton County, North Dakota

1910 Jul 1 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll552unit/page/n311/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 312/713, line 952 (age 35), census of the Sioux Indians, Standing Rock Agency, North Dakota

1911 Jul 1 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll552unit/page/n544/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 545/713, line 916 (age 36), census of the Sioux Indians, Standing Rock Agency, North Dakota

1912 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll553unit/page/n53/mode/1.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 54/727, line 830 (age 37), census of the Sioux Indians, Standing Rock Agency, North Dakota

1913 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll553unit/page/n223/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 224/727, line 827 (age 39), census of the Sioux Indians, Standing Rock Agency, North Dakota

1915 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll553unit/page/n354/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 355/727, line 846 (b=1874), census of the Sioux Indians, Standing Rock Agency, North Dakota

1916 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll553unit/page/n563/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 564/727, line 826 (b=1874), census of the Sioux Indians, Standing Rock Agency, North Dakota

1917 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll554unit/page/n56/mode/1.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 57/835, line 837 (b=1874), census of the Sioux Indians, Standing Rock Agency, North Dakota

1919 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:W7P7-H3W2 : Sun Mar 10 22:52:16 UTC 2024), Entry for Richard Cottonwood, pg. 471/838, line 772 (b=1874), census of the Sioux Indians, Standing Rock Agency, N.D.

1920 Jan 28 - United States Federal Census, County Sioux, Series T625, Line 51, State North Dakota, Sheet 11-B, Image, 1167, Date 1920, Family 185, census of Twp 182 Range 31, Sioux County, North Dakota

1920 Apr 30 - "Find a Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:6ZW9-GKMD : 8 March 2021), Richard Cottonwood, ; Burial, Cannon Ball, Sioux, North Dakota, United States of America, Saint James Episcopal Cemetery; citing record ID 221929661, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
-Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/221929661/richard-cottonwood: accessed October 28, 2024), memorial page for Richard Cottonwood (1876–30 Apr 1920), Find a Grave Memorial ID 221929661, citing Saint James Episcopal Cemetery, Cannon Ball, Sioux County, North Dakota, USA; Maintained by Shirley Jacobchick (contributor 48272437).

1920 Jan 30 - United States Federal Census, line 31 (age 46), census of the Asylum for Insane Indians, Canton Township, Lincoln County, South Dakota

1920 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll554unit/page/n263/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 677/835, line 762 (b=1859 Mrs. Julia Cottonwood, Richard has disappeared, committed to CA on March 9, 1919), census of the Sioux Indians, Standing Rock Agency, North Dakota