Rotbald II, comte de Provence

Rotbold II (also Rothbold, Rotbald, Rodbald, Roubaud, or Rotbaud; died 1008) was the Count of Provence from 968 to his death and margrave from 993. He was the elder of two sons of Boso II of Arles and Constance, the younger being William I, who took up the title of marchio in 979 and that of dux later. He ruled with William, probably jointly over the whole county. On William's death, Rotbold was left as head of the family with the title of marchio.

He first signed a charter of his father's in March 965. He signed his brother's donation to Saint-Victor de Marseilles in April 970 and to Cluny on 28 August 990. In 1005, he joined with his mother-in-law Adelaide of Anjou and his nephew William II to grant privilegse to Saint-Victor.

He married Emilde, possibly a daughter of Stephen, Viscount of Gévaudan. He left one son, Rotbold III, who inherited his titles, and a daughter, Gerberge.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotbold_II_of_Provence

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Rotbold III (also Rothbold, Rotbald, Rodbald, Roubaud, or Rotbaud; died 1014 or 1015) was the Count and Margrave of Provence from 1005 to his death. He was the only son of Rotbold II and Emilde, daughter of Stephen, Viscount of Gévaudan. He inherited all his father's titles on his death in 1008. He is an obscure person, difficult to differentiate from his father.

He was the first husband of Ermengard, later wife of Rudolf III of Burgundy. He left two sons, referred to as stepsons of the king of Burgundy, named Hugh and William III. He left one daughter, Emma, who married William III Taillefer, Count of Toulouse, and thus brought the margravial title in Provence to the House of Toulouse.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotbold_III_of_Provence

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Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: Provence. Lewis, Archibald R. The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718–1050. University of Texas Press: Austin, 1965.

From the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy page on Provence:

http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/PROVENCE.htm#RotbaldIIProvencedied1008

ROTBALD [II] (-[1008/22 Apr 1015]).

"Boso comes et uxor sua Constantia…illorum filii…Willelmus comes, Rotbaldus comes, Pontius juvenis" signed the charter dated May [963] under which "Gencius et uxor mea Aiburga" donated property "in pago Aquense superiore ad castrum…Ansoyse" to Monmajour[211].

The order of birth of the two sons of Boson is unclear. The May [963] charter suggests that Guillaume was his older son. However, Guillaume is omitted from the charter dated Mar 965 under which "eius filio Rothboldo et fratre eius Wilelmo comite" consented to the charter of "Bosoni comitis, filii Rothboldi quondam"[212], which suggests that Rotbald was older.

Comte de Provence, charters showing that both he and his younger brother Guillaume were recorded as counts during the same period, although it is not known whether this was a joint countship or whether there was a geographical split between their jurisdictions.

"Rotbaldus comes" consented to the donation by "Wilelmus comes Provincie et coniunx mea Arsinna" to Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated Apr 970[213]. "Willelmus comes" donated property to Cluny by charter dated 28 Aug [990] signed by "Rodbaldus comes, Adalaix comitissa, Wilelmus comes et filius eius Wilelmus"[214]. "Dominus princeps et marchio istius provinciæ…Willelmus cum coniuge sua…Adelaix et filio suo…Willelmo" restored property to the abbey of Saint-Césaire d´Arles by charter dated 992, subscribed by "Domnus Rotbaldus comes…Willelmus comes filius Rotbaldi et uxor sua Lucia, Wilelmus comes Tolosanus et uxor sua Ema…"[215]. "Rotbaldus marchio et conjux mea…Eimildis" donated "castrum…Podium Odolinum" to Cluny by charter dated to [993/1002] signed by "Rotbaldus comes et uxor sua Eimildis, Adalax comitissa et filius suus Willelmus…"[216]. "Rotbaldus comes et coniux mea Ermengarda" donated "villam…Pertusus…in regno Provinciæ in pago Aquense" to Monmajour by charter dated 1002, signed by "Rotbaldus comes et uxor sua Ermengarda…Willelmus nepos suus…Adalax comitissa"[217]. "Pontius…Massiliensis ecclesie pontifex" issued a charter dated 1005 with the consent of "domni Rodhbaldi comitis et domne Adalaizis comitisse, domnique Guillelmi comitis filii eius"[218].

m [firstly] (before [975/80]) ERMENGARDE, daughter of ---.

Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 22 Apr 1015 under which her daughter "Ema comitissa filia Rotboldi comitis et Hermengardæ uxoris eius, matris meæ" donated property "ex hereditate…in comitatu Forojuliensi in castro…Favart" to the priory of Courrenz (in Provence)[219].

[m secondly EMILDE, daughter of --- (-after [993/1002]).

"Rotbaldus marchio et conjux mea…Eimildis" donated "castrum…Podium Odolinum" to Cluny by charter dated to [993/1002] signed by "Rotbaldus comes et uxor sua Eimildis, Adalax comitissa et filius suus Willelmus…"[220].

According to Manteyer, Comte Rotbald [II] married once and "Emilde" and "Ermengarde" refer to the same person. The later references to Ermengarde (shown below as a possible third wife) suggest that this may be correct. However, the roots of the two names appear different, which suggests that they were two different persons. If that is right, the charter dated to [993/1002] shows that Emilde must have been Rotbald´s second wife, assuming that the birth date of his daughter Emma is correctly estimated as shown below.

Her origin is unknown. Szabolcs de Vajay suggests[221] that she was Emilde de Gévaudan, daughter of Etienne Vicomte de Gévaudan & his first wife Anne ---.]

[m thirdly ([1002] or before) ERMENGARDE, daughter of ---.

"Rotbaldus comes et coniux mea Ermengarda" donated "villam…Pertusus…in regno Provinciæ in pago Aquense" to Monmajour by charter dated 1002, signed by "Rotbaldus comes et uxor sua Ermengarda…Willelmus nepos suus…Adalax comitissa"[222]. "Rotbaldus comes et coniunx mea Ermengarda" signed a charter dated [1002][223]. "Ermengardi uxor Rodbaldi comitis" was among the subscribers of the charter dated 1005 of "Pontius…Massiliensis ecclesie pontifex"[224].

Europäische Stammtafeln[225] identifies her as Ermengarde, daughter of --- (-25 or 27 Aug after 1057), who married secondly ([24 Apr/28 Jul] 1011) as his second wife, Rudolf III King of Burgundy. Presumably this is based on the charter dated 1019 which is signed by "Ermengarda regina et filii mei Ugo et Willelmus"[226], assuming that "Willelmus" was the same person as Guillaume [V] Comte de Provence, son of Comte Rotbald [II], who is shown below.

However, this co-identity is far from satisfactory. There are two main problems. Firstly, the sons are ordered "Ugo et Willelmus" in the 1019 document, which suggests that Hugues was the older son. However, no reference has been found to Comte Guillaume [V] having an older brother named Hugues, which in any case is not a name which is found in the family of the comtes de Provence. Secondly, Comte Guillaume [V] is named with his wife in a charter dated 992 which, if correctly dated, shows that he could not have been born much later than [975]. If that is correct, his mother would have been too old in 1011 to have married King Rudolf III, who was presumably hoping for an heir as he was childless by his first marriage.

Europäische Stammtafeln appears to find a way around these difficulties by stating that Ermengarde was the wife of "Rotbald [III]" who, it says, was the son of Comte Rotbald [II][227]. However, no primary source has been found which confirms that this Rotbald [III] ever existed. In addition, the 1002 charter quoted above confirms that Guillaume son of Adelais (identified as Guillaume [III] Comte de Provence), was nepos of Ermengarde´s husband, which would be correct if Guillaume´s father and Ermengarde´s husband were brothers as shown in the reconstruction in the present document, although it is recognised that the word nepos is used flexibly in contemporary documentation.

If it is not correct that Rotbald [II]´s supposed third wife married King Rudolf, the possibility remains that Comte Rotbald [II] in fact only married once and that all the references to Ermengarde and Emilde are to the same person.]

Rotbald [II] & his first wife had one child:

1. Emma (b. 975/980, d. after 1063, married as his second wife Guillaume III Taillefer, Comte de Toulouse)

Rotbald [II] & his [first/second] wife had [three] children:

1. Guillaume V (d. after 1037, married Lucia, succeeded as Comte de Provence)

2. Emilde (nun)

3. Tetberga (d. after 1010, married Armengol I "El de Cordoba" Comte de Urgell)

Rotbald [II] & his [third] wife had [two] children:

1. Hugues (d. after 1019)

2. Guillaume (d. after 1019)

From the French Wikipedia page on Rotboald I de Provence:

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotboald_Ier_de_Provence

Rotboald Ier[1] ou Roubaud Ier, mort en 1008, est comte de Provence de 968 à 1008 puis marquis de Provence à la mort de son frère Guillaume de 993 à 1008. Il est fils de Boson II, comte d'Arles et de Constance de Provence.

Biographie

Peu de choses sont connues sur ce comte. Le comté de Provence étant possession indivise entre les descendants de Boson II, il règne avec son frère Guillaume Ier le libérateur, qui se couvre de gloire en repoussant les Maures. En 970, il souscrit avec son frère une charte de donation en faveur de l'abbaye de Saint-Victor de Marseille, et en 990 une autre en faveur de l'abbaye de Cluny.

Il épouse une Emildis (ou d'après Jean-Pierre Papon, une Ermengarde[2]), peut-être fille d'Étienne, vicomte de Gévaudan, et de sa première épouse Anne, et a deux enfants :

1. Rotboald II († 1014), comte de Provence

2. Emilde, nonne

Il est possible qu'il ait eu une autre fille, Theutberge, qui épouse Armengol Ier (975 † 1010), comte d'Urgell.

Notes et références

1.↑ ou Rotboald II, si l'on considère son grand-père paternel comme Rotboald Ier, bien que ce dernier n'aie jamais été comte de Provence.

2.↑ Jean-Pierre Papon, Jules Frédéric Paul Fauris de Saint-Vincens - Histoire générale de Provence ..., page 493 ici [archive] :

Au reste , que Rotbold ait reçu l'investiture du fief, il n'y a point de doute ; car immédiatement après la mort de son frère il prit le titre de Marquis de Provence qu'il n'avoit point fait auparavant, et même celui de comte par la grâce de Dieu (….) expressions qui semblent annoncer un pouvoir souverain, mais qui prouvent du moins, quoiqu'elles soient exagérées, que celui de Rotbold étoit au-dessus des autres ; cela devient encore plus sensible quand on fait attention que ce comte confirma, avec sa femme Ermengarde, en 1004, l'élection de Jean, abbé de S. Pons de Nice. Le droit de confirmer ces sortes d'élections n'appartenoit qu'au représentant du souverain. Je remarque même que dans toutes les donations qu'il ratifia avec sa belle-sœur Adélaïde et son neveu Guillaume , il signa toujours le premier.

In English:

Rotbold I [1] died in 1008. He was the Comte de Provence 968-1008, and Marquis de Provence at the death of his brother William 993-1008. He was the son of Boson II, Comte d'Arles, and Constance de Provence.

Biography

Little is known about this count. The County of Provence was owned undivided by the descendants of Boson II, and Rotbald reigned with his brother Guillaume I the Liberator, who covered himself with glory by repelling the Moors. In 970, he agreed with his brother to a charter of donation in favor of the Abbye of St-Victor de Marseille, and another in 990 in favor of Cluny.

He married Emildis (or according to Jean-Pierre Papon, Emengarde [2]), perhaps the daughter of Stephen, Vicomte Gevaudan, and his first wife Anne, by whom he had two children:

1. Rotbold II (d. 1014) Comte de Provence

2. Emilde, a nun.

It is possible that they had another daughter, Theutberga, who married Armengol I, Comte d'Urgell (975-1010).

References:

1. Rotbold I or II, if one considers his paternal grandfather as Rotbold I, although the latter had never been a Comte de Provence.

2. Jean-Pierre Papon, Jules-Frederic St-Paul, Fauris Vincens - General History of Provence, Page 493: "However, whether Rotbold has received the investiture of the fief, there is no doubt for immediately after the death of his brother, he took the title of Marquis de Provence, which he had not done before, and even the county by the grace of God, expressions that seem to announce or suggest a sovereign power, though they are exaggerated. Rotbold was above the others more under scrutiny, as confirmed by the Comte and his wife Ermengarde in 1004 with the election of John as Abbot of St-Pons in Nice. The right to confirm these kinds of elections are the privileges of a sovereign. It is noticed that in all the donations that he ratified with his sister and his nephew, William and Adelaide, he always signed first.

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Rotbold II (also Rothbold, Rotbald, Rodbald, Roubaud, or Rotbaud; died 1008) was the Count of Provence from 968 to his death and margrave from 993. He was the elder of two sons of Boso II of Arles and Constance, the younger being William I, who took up the title of marchio in 979 and that of dux later. He ruled with William, probably jointly over the whole county. On William's death, Rotbold was left as head of the family with the title of marchio.

He first signed a charter of his father's in March 965. He signed his brother's donation to Saint-Victor de Marseilles in April 970 and to Cluny on 28 August 990. In 1005, he joined with his mother-in-law Adelaide of Anjou and his nephew William II to grant privilegse to Saint-Victor.

He married Emilde, possibly a daughter of Stephen, Viscount of Gévaudan. He left one son, Rotbold III, who inherited his titles, and a daughter, Gerberge.

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

• Rotbold II, Count of Provence
• Spouse(s) Emilde
• Issue :
• >Rotbold III
• > Gerberge
• Noble family House of Provence
• Father Boso II of Provence
• Mother Constance of Vienne
• Died 1008

.

== Sources==

Medieval Lands Project: Provence.

Lewis, Archibald R. The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718–1050. University of Texas Press: Austin, 1965.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotbold_I,_Count_of_Provence

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotbold_II,_Count_of_Provence