Sultan Ahmaddin Shah [Sultan Perak ke-18 1792-1806]

Sultan Ahmaddin Shah. Sultan Perak ke18; 1786-1806.

Nama baginda yang sebenar ialah Raja Bongsu, atau disebut juga Raja Cik. Baginda merupakan seorang putera Almarhum Sultan Muhammad Shah (iaitu Sultan Perak yang ke-14). Raja Bongsu telah ditabalkan menjadi Sultan Perak yang ke-18 pada tahun 1786, menggantikan kekandanya Almarhum Sultan Alauddin Mansur Shah Iskandar Muda. Baginda bergelar Sultan Ahmaddin Shah, dan telah berkahwin dengan Cik Putih binti Laksamana Tok Kuala Bidor.

Pada tahun 1795, perniagaan dan pengaruh Kompeni Belanda di Negeri Melaka merosot dan kemudiannya terjatuh ke dalam tangan orang Inggeris. Pada masa yang sama, dua orang pegawai dari Kompeni Inggeris dengan sepasukan tentera telah datang berjumpa dengan komandan Belanda bernama Christoffel Walbeehm di Tanjung Putus dan memaksanya menyerahkan kota Belanda dan segala kelenggapan di dalam kota itu kepada orang Inggeris. Pada tahun 1802, orang-orang Inggeris telah masuk mempengaruhi perniagaan khususnya bijih timah di Negeri Perak. Semenjak tahun 1804, tidak ada lagi orang-orang Belanda menjalankan perniagaan di Negeri Perak. Mengikut sejarah, pada tahun 1882, sebahagian besar kota Belanda telah dirobohkan dan batu daripada kota itu telah digunakan membuat jalanraya di bandar Teluk Intan.

Maka pada tahun berikutnya, Sultan Selangor, Sultan Ibrahim datang menyerang dan berjaya mengalahkan Negeri Perak. Sultan Ahmaddin Shah bersama orang besar-besarnya berundur ke hulu dengan menyusur Sungai Perak hingga ke Kuala Pelus. Sultan Ibrahim dari Negeri Selangor seterusnya memberitahu pemerintahan Inggeris supaya jangan sekali-kali berkunjung ke Negeri Perak kerana negeri itu telah ditawan olehnya dari Sungai Kurau di utara sampai ke Beting Beras Basah di selatan.

Baginda Sultan Ahmaddin Shah dari Perak memerintah dari tahun 1786 sehingga tahun 1806. Baginda yang telah tua, dan akhirnya mangkat di tempat bernama Chegar Galah. Jenazah Almarhum telah dibawa balik hilir ke Bota, lalu dimakamkan di sana. Almarhum yang bergelar 'Makam Bongsu' telah dimakamkan berdekatan dengan makam Almarhum Sultan Alauddin Shah (iaitu Sultan Perak yang kelima), di belakang pekan kecil Bota Kanan, mukim Bota di daerah Perak Tengah.

[http://rajakita.perak.gov.my/bmsultan18.html]

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Raja Bongsu ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhammad Shah was also known as Raja Chik. After the demise of his brother, Almarhum Sultan Alauddin Mansur Shah Iskandar Muda, Raja Bongsu was installed as Sultan Ahmaddin Shah in 1786.

In 1795, the presence of the V.O.C. in Melaka had began to show a decline which led to the occupation of Melaka by the British, the first resident being Archibald Brown. In Perak, officers from the British East India Company along with a small detachment of British troops forced Christoffel Walbeehm, a V.O.C. commandant, to surrender the Dutch trading outpost of Tanjung Putus. By 1802, the trading of tin ore was largely taken over by the British East India Company.

In 1805, Perak was attacked by Sultan Ibrahim Shah of Selangor, as Sultan Ahmaddin perpetuated Perak’s pro-Dutch stance. The might of Perak was defeated and Sultan Ahmaddin Shah and his chiefs retreated upriver to Kuala Pelus. Sultan Ibrahim Shah had also warned the British presence at Tanjung Putus to leave Perak by virtue of Selangor’s presence from Sungai Kurau in the north down to Beting Beras Basah in the south.

Sultan Ahmaddin Shah ruled Perak for twenty years until his demise in Chegar Galah in 1806. The heir apparent to the throne, Raja Muda Mahmud ibni Raja Muda Ibrahim, the grandson of Marhum Muda Sultan Mahmud Shah, was described to be appointed Almarhum’s successor. It was also described that there was political turmoil amongst the Perak Rajas. To add to the problems, Raja Muda Mahmud refused to come to Sayong to allow the announcement of the new Sultan[1]. This unfortunate turn of events had led to the body of Almarhum Sultan Ahmaddin Shah to remain uninterred for three months. Once it was decided that Almarhum’s son, Sultan Abdul Malik Mansur Shah, was to be installed, the cortege was finally brought downriver to Bota Kanan where Almarhum Sultan Ahmaddin Shah was interred. He was conferred the posthumous title of Marhum Bongsu.

Sultan Ahmaddin Shah was married to Toh Puan Puteh binti Laksamana Tok Kuala Bidor, Raja Tengah Bongsu binti Sultan Muzaffar Shah III, Che’ Sepiah binti Tok Imam Malikul Amin Ketior and Che’ Sakidah. He had issue from these wives, and his successor, Sultan Abdul Malik Mansur Shah, was Almarhum’s son from his marriage to Toh Puan Puteh. It is noted that the descendants of his sons from his other three wives became heirs presumptive in the Perak heir system, and in turn became Sultans themselves (for examples, Sultan Shahabuddin, Sultan Abdullah Muhammad Shah I and Sultan Ismail Mu’abidin Riayat Shah). Interestingly, the house of Sultan Abdullah Muhammad Shah II, Raja Muda Musa I and Sultan Idris I are all descended from Sultan Abdul Malik Mansur Shah.

Ref:[http://sembangkuala.wordpress.com/2009/12/27/18th-sultan-of-perak-s...]