Zarathustra, Founder Zoroaster Isme زرتشت‎

Wikipedia: Zoroaster.

Prophet Zoroaster from Medes.

Zoroaster / Zarathustra (/ˌzɑrəˈθuːstrə/; Avestan: Zaraϑuštra; Persian: زرتشت‎ Zartosht, زردشت Zardosht), was the founder of Zoroastrianism. Though he was a native speaker of Old Avestan and lived in the eastern part of the Iranian Plateau, his birthplace is uncertain. He is credited with the authorship of the Yasna Haptanghaiti as well as the Gathas, hymns which are at the liturgical core of Zoroastrian thinking. Most of his life is known through the Zoroastrian texts.

The Gathas contain allusions to personal events, such as Zoroaster's triumph over obstacles imposed by competing priests and the ruling class. They also indicate he had difficulty spreading his teachings, and was even treated with ill-will in his mother's hometown. They also describe familiar events such as the marriage of his daughter, at which Zoroaster presided.

Zoroaster was born into the priestly family of the Spitamids and his ancestor Spitāma is mentioned several times in the Gathas. His father's name was Pourušaspa, or "Poroschasp", a noble Persian, and his mother's was Dughdova (Duγδōuuā). With his wife, Huvovi (Hvōvi), Zoroaster had three sons, Isat Vastar, Uruvat-Nara and Hvare Ciϑra; three daughters, Freni, Pourucista and Triti. His wife, children and a cousin named Maidhyoimangha were his first converts after his illumination from Ahura Mazda at age 30. According to Yasnas 5 & 105, Zoroaster prayed to Anahita for the conversion of King Vištaspa, who appears in the Gathas as a historic personage. In legends, Vištaspa is said to have had two brothers as courtiers, Frašaōštra and Jamaspa, and to whom Zoroaster was closely related: his wife, Hvōvi, was the daughter of Frashaōštra, while Jamaspa was the husband of his daughter Pourucista. The actual role of intermediary was played by the pious queen Hutaōsa. Apart from this connection, the new prophet relied especially upon his own kindred (hvaētuš).

Zoroaster's death is not mentioned in the Avesta. In Shahnameh 5.92, he is said to have been murdered at the altar by the Turanians in the storming of Balkh. Zoroaster's death was said to have been in Balkh located in present-day Afghanistan during the Holy War between Turan and the Persian empire in 583 BCE. Jamaspa, his son-in-law, then became Zoroaster's successor.

Philosophy

In the Gathas, Zoroaster sees the human condition as the mental struggle between aša (truth) and druj (lie). The cardinal concept of aša—which is highly nuanced and only vaguely translatable—is at the foundation of all Zoroastrian doctrine, including that of Ahura Mazda (who is aša), creation (that is aša), existence (that is aša) and as the condition for free will.

The purpose of humankind, like that of all other creation, is to sustain aša. For humankind, this occurs through active participation in life and the exercise of constructive thoughts, words and deeds.

Elements of Zoroastrian philosophy entered the West through their influence on Judaism and Middle Platonism and have been identified as one of the key early events in the development of philosophy.Among the classic Greek philosophers, Heraclitus is often referred to as inspired by Zoroaster's thinking.

Zoroaster emphasized the freedom of the individual to choose right or wrong and individual responsibility for one's deeds. This personal choice to accept aša or arta (the divine order), and shun druj (ignorance and chaos) is one's own decision and not a dictate of Ahura Mazda. For Zarathustra, by thinking good thoughts, saying good words, and doing good deeds (e.g. assisting the needy or doing good works) we increase this divine force aša or arta in the world and in ourselves, celebrate the divine order, and we come a step closer on the everlasting road to being one with the Creator. Thus, we are not the slaves or servants of Ahura Mazda, but we can make a personal choice to be his co-workers, thereby refreshing the world and ourselves.

Thus Spake Zarathustra) is a philosophical novel by German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, composed in four parts between 1883 and 1885 and published between 1883 and 1891.

The book chronicles the fictitious travels and speeches of Zarathustra. Zarathustra's namesake was the founder of Zoroastrianism, usually known in English as Zoroaster (Avestan: Zaraϑuštra). Nietzsche is clearly portraying a "new" or "different" Zarathustra, one who turns traditional morality on its head. He goes on to characterize "what the name of Zarathustra means in my mouth, the mouth of the first immoralist:"

For what constitutes the tremendous historical uniqueness of that Persian is just the opposite of this. Zarathustra was the first to consider the fight of good and evil the very wheel in the machinery of things: the transposition of morality into the metaphysical realm, as a force, cause, and end in itself, is his work. Zarathustra created this most calamitous error, morality; consequently, he must also be the first to recognize it. His doctrine, and his alone, posits truthfulness as the highest virtue; this means the opposite of the cowardice of the "idealist” who flees from reality. ...

— Nietzsche, Ecce Homo, "Why I Am a Destiny", §3, trans. Walter Kaufmann

YouTube Free Audiobook Thus spoke Zarathustra - audiobook - by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

Also sprach Zarathustra, Op. 30, Thus Spoke Zarathustra or Thus Spake Zarathustra) is a tone poem by Richard Strauss, composed in 1896 and inspired by Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophical 1883-1885 novel Thus Spoke Zarathustra. The composer conducted its first performance on 27 November 1896 in Frankfurt. A typical performance lasts half an hour.

The initial fanfare – titled "Sunrise" in the composer's programme notes – became well known after its use in Stanley Kubrick's 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Also_sprach_Zarathustra

الأبعاد النبي زرادشت زرادشت (الفارسية : زرتشت ، Zrthosat) ، أو اليونانية اسم زرادشت (Ζωροάστρης) ، النبي ومؤسس أبعاد دينية تحمل اسمه : الزرادشتية (أو غيرها من العبرية اسم : Amagoshiut). وكان هذا الدين هو الدين الرسمي للبلاد فارس وقتها الفترة الساسانية Hahmneit النسب حتى نهاية القرن 7. انتشار سايروس داريوس ، وملوكا عظماء من بلاد فارس ، ودينه Akisarutm الشاسعة. بعد الإسكندر الأكبر غزا جائزة ، وبدأ تراجع الدين ، وزرادشت ، لكنه عاد بعد ذلك العودة الى الحياة التي كانت موجودة حتى وصول الإسلام.

Wikipedia: זרתוסטרה.

זרתוסטרה נביא ממדי

זרתוסטרה (בפרסית: زرتشت, זרתושת), או בשמו היווני זורואסטר (Ζωροάστρης), נביא ממדי ומייסדה של הדת הנקראת על שמו: זורואסטריות (או בשמה העברי האחר: אמגושיות). דת זו הייתה הדת הרשמית של פרס ומדי מזמנה של השושלת האחמנית ועד לסוף התקופה הסאסאנית במאה ה-7. כורש ודריווש הראשון, מלכיה הגדולים של פרס, הפיצו את דתו במרחבי קיסרותם. לאחר שכבש אלכסנדר מוקדון את פרס, התחילה שקיעתה של דת זרתוסטרה, אך לאחר מכן חזרה לתחיה ונתקיימה עד בוא האסלאם.